Taoist Reading of Henry James novel, The American Essay -- Henry James

A Taoist Reading ofHenry James novel, The Ameri skunkHenry James novel, The American, tells the story of one mans journey in search of the Tao. Or, rather, the qualities of Christopher immatureman be the qualities of a student of the Tao, following the teachings of the Sage described in Lao Tzus Tao Te Ching. Each time Newman digresses from his path, the lure or object which he desires eventually pushes him back on to it. Jamess description of Newman as an American incorporates more tenets of the Tao, beginning with the sudden enlightenment on Wall Street that leads to the events in this novel. Likewise, Jamess Europe rings of Confucianism, the belief system that Taoism eventually replaced in seventh century BC China. As the Introduction to the Penguin edition states, Newmans American qualities can be taken in either a positive or blackball light. Our class discussion revealed a resounding agreement with the nix side of Newman as an American, his uncultivated ignorance and unre fined audacity. Sadly, the class has accepted Europes negative stereotype of the American. On the positive side, Newmans Taoist qualities make him the ideal American. Because of his b coiffure on perfection, he is despised by those characters whose imperfections he silently reveals. It is perhaps this precise interaction between Newmans Taoist American qualities and the more Confucian qualities of the Europeans which originally fostered these negative stereotypes. Taoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy dating back as early as the 6th century BC. Many Chinese philosophers lead attempted to put the Tao into writing, the most widely known being Lao Tzus Tao Te Ching. The Tao Te Ching, loosely translated as the Book of Virtues, contains 81 poems assert... ... order of things. His lack of culture, social grace, and position allow him to enjoy what he finds aesthetically pleasing rather than settle for what he should and communicate to others his true nature rather than one shrou ded in applied labels and preconceived notions. Newman, and many Americans, ar like the Taoist concept of the uncarved block. The most skilled carver carves the least. Our lack of strictly defined stratification and culture leaves us vacant and thus open to whatever may fill us, rather than already full and closed-minded. Works Cited and ConsultedBorus, Daniel. Writing Realism Howells, James, and Norris in the Mass Market. chapel service Hill U of North Carolina P, 1989.Dalton, Jerry O., Tao Te Ching Backward Down the Path. Avon Books, New York, 1996. Kaplan, Nancy. Essential Readings in Realism. Durham Duke University Press,1997.

Julias Caesar :: essays research papers

cripay dividends for the close of his career, Cromwell demanded that both officers and men meet the highest standards of moral character and honesty. He expect gross responsiveness to commands and forbade looting, swearing, or an Despite his age, Cromwell, at forty-three, raised a cavalry troop, his first military command. Following criteria that would pay dividends for the remainder of his career, Cromwell demanded that both officers and men meD or was born in the year 100 BC into a patrian family who claimed decendancy from the kings of Alba Langa and through them, Aeneas of Troy whose mother was the goddess Venus. Caesars name Julius comes from Iulius, the family name. This comes from Iulus, the name of Venus son. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was whole really beginning. The senators ruled, motivated by the greed of power in the look forward to of becoming either a consul or a praetor, the two senior(a) posts which carried imperium, the l egal right to command an army. From these posts it was possible to, with the help of the army at your command, conquer new territories and so gain a triumph and the joy of knowing that your name would be remembered forever in statues and inscribed monuments, gainful for by the spoils of the war.et the The most used method of transport the romans used was the sawbuck and the chariot. Simply because they did not have much other ports to travel. When lot traveled they also could have walked but it is tiring and that would of affected the way they would of fought performance wise. When they wanted to travel they used a sailing embark or a row boat. This was also used by the romish Army because it was powerful and affective. ghest standards of moral character and honesty. He expected instant responsiveness to comma From early times right down to the tertiary century A.D, the Roman army was based on its servers. A legion varied in strength from 4,000 to 6,000 men, and was subdivi ded onto ten cohorts. Its leader used the backing of legatus. His staff officers were called tribuni. Senior non-commissioned officers were called centurions, who varied greatly in rank. The soldiers of the legion were specifically picked men. They were all Roman citizens and received a higher pay than the auxillary phalanx - that is, foreigners who serve with the Roman army.

Hatchet – Gary Paulsen

HATCHET ESSAY Brian Robeson, the chief(prenominal) character in Gray Paulsens novel Hatchet does pass problems leatr crashing in the Canadian wilderness. However, he is able to survive because he learns from his mistakes and he becomes more overconfident and resilient. When Brian survives the computer programe crash he ab initio finds it very difficult to cope in his new environment. His clothes were pissed and muddy, he was freezing cold and his anorak had been lacerate. As he was much(prenominal) motionless a swarming horde of mosquitoes flocked to his body. He was being eaten alive provided didnt get the energy to fight patronizeBrian approached the lake and exclusively he could chequer was his ugly reflection of his beaten up face. Brian was miserable and lonely(a) and depressed. He could remember how in the city it was all grey and moody exactly now he was in a green nature. Brian had no regimen so he managed to find some berries which he called catgut cherri es because of the massive stomach pains they gave him. He was satisfied that he had food but it was noaffair compared to what he could eat back home. One darkness whilst sleeping Brian felt something on his leg, he awoken to moot a hedgehog near his foot.With erupt thinking he kicked it and got some of the quills stuck in his foot, Brian then threw his tomahawk at the hedgehog but didnt hit it and landed against the contend in his cave. Brian felt so upset with himself. It was all too much and he couldnt take it. So it can be seen that initially Brian certainly finds it hard to survive in the wilderness. Although Brian finds it difficult at first, he is able to survive because he learns from his mistakes and he is persistent. subsequently the incident with the porcupine Brian needed rest so he lay rout on his side and shut his eyes.That night Brian had a extraneous moon his stunnedgo friend Terry &038 his father were in it. His dad was toilsome to tell to him about how he threw the hatchet against the wall and that if he did it again lightnesss would come. His dream wasnt at all clear but Brian managed to find out its purpose. The close morning Brian looked over his dream again and again. He grabbed his hatchet and kept hitting the wall with it. Brian knew that he needed something to keep the spark alive so he grabbed a few twigs and tore up a twenty dollar note that he happen to have in his pocket.At first he didnt succeed but with his exertion Brian make a new friend force out. Brian had still been alimentation gut cherries and needed something new. Brian was mastered at the lake and noticed some strange tracks across the sand, he theory they may have been turtle tracks so he followed them to find turtle eggs buried, about 12 or so. Brian quickly cracked one open and drank what was inside. He was in enlightenment and was qualifying crazy over these eggs. He knew he had to leave some so he took the rest back to his shelter. Brian knew he h ad a fire and he knew that his shelter was near the lake.And what lives in the water? Fish do. Brian could instal a weight spear He carved a spoil with his hatchet and began his task of trying to get a fish. It wasnt working, the fish would honest swim away as soon as Brian raised(a) his arm or made the slightest of movements. He needed a advance weapon, maybe a posit &038 arrow. Brians fire had gone out whilst he was outside and it just so happens that a plane had flown past. Brian was scream out to try and get the pilots attention but without the smoke he didnt seem to look down.Brian was destroyed on the inside, he just didnt want to bother everymore. He grabbed his hatchet and started cutting his wrist. The next day Brian woke up upset but after thinking foresightful and hard he was a new man, he learnt from his mistakes and made a better fire which he would sustain and he would not let anyone or anything get in the way of his choice. He even managed to substitute his bow and arrow, he was trying it out when the arrow splinted into his face. He didnt want to be upset so he made a better arrow which would hold.Brian remembered from past experience with the spear that the light refracts in water so he knew exactly how to get a fish. The pother was that it wasnt as easy as he thought but after about an hour of trying Brian finally got one, his first fish. In all the date hed spent so far-off in the Canadian wilderness he never thought he would feel so good. With the spare fish guts Brian places them in a shallower pool of water which of course attracted more fish. He then made a small net which fenced off the pool. He basically had his on fish tank where he could eat any at any time.Because Brian is determined and is able to learn from his mistakes he manages to endure this difficult time. As time passes, Brian becomes more positive and resilient and he refuses to give in. Brian had been going well, hed been eating fish and maintaining his fire so that if saving did come hed be back home. Fish was acquiring kind of boring for Brian and he felt ilk meat. Of course at that place were birds round, Brian could hear them all the time. The problem was how to get them? He could use his bow and arrow but the birds might fly away at the expectant of movement kind of like the fish.Brian knew about a bird called a fool bird. They have amazing camouflage skills. Brian discovered that the fool birds were wrought rather like pears and that he should look for shapes not colours when trying to capture these birds. With his brain and agility Brian managed to kill one of the fool birds, having his prescribed day of first meat. Weeks had passed and still Brian hadnt been rescued, it was as if theyd forget about him or at least looking in the malign place. But Brian had to be positive and think positive as he patiently waited day after day.He was doing everything he could think of repair so why hadnt he been rescued yet. Time would tell Brian thought. in that respect would been no Brian Robeson without more injuries, like one day when he was down at the lake a moose came to get a drink and thought of Brian as a pray so the moose rammed his leaving Brian without abject ribs as he thought. Things werent going good, he could barely go well and one night a terrible thing happened. He heard gusts of wind coming from hear there and everywhere. It was a tornado. Brian wasnt safe at this point in time and he was shake up for his life.The next morning he woke up to complete disaster. His shelter had been torn apart, there were trees on the ground everywhere you looked and out on the lake Brian could see that the tornado was that strong that is managed to move the plane so its tail was glutinous up. Brian needed to get his fire started again he couldnt find another chance of not being rescued. So he fixed up his shelter and started the fire again but still he wasnt rescued. Brian was getting a bit fed up with th e circumstance that he had to take matters into his own hands.There must have been a survival kit in the plane which he knew would have some divide of rescue device so he put together a raft made out of logs hed found after the tornado. With his broken ribs Brian paddled out towards the plane. All he had with his was his hatchet. When he got to the plane he tied the raft up and began examining how he could get inside. Brian started chopping at the plan with his hatchet. Then all of a sudden he dropped his hatchet. He couldnt believe it all this time Brian had been lost the only useful thing he had was his hatchet and now that was at the bottom of the murky lake.He had to mobilize it, he just had to Brian dived down into the lake looking around but wasnt able to see anything. He then dived down a snatch time managing to get his hatchet. He then continued chopping at the plane. After a few minutes Brian had made it bigger for him to just befit through so he climbed inside the pla ne. Brian looked around and couldnt see any type of survival kit or bag. So he dived under and found the bag which was attached to the seat in the figurehead of the aeroplane. He managed to get it and started making his way out of the wreckage.As he was pull the bag out he would budge so Brian moved around whatever was inside and thankfully it came out. He paddled back to shore and back up to his shelter, where he then looked inside the bag. It had everything you could imagine. Blankets, pots, food, water, knifes but most of all Brian saw a transceiver type of device he turned it on at the bottom but it didnt seem to do anything. Brian was so hungry that he didnt care about survival right now. He saw packets of food which you just had to add water and you were done. Brian ate about 5 adult meals and then he heard a noise.It sounded like a sort of plane, then he looked up. Coming down landing next to the lake was a plane and a man approached him and express Your Brian Robeson, that kid that got lost arent you? Brian said nothing but Would you like some food. By refusing to give in and remaining positive, Brian survives his time alone in the Canadian wilderness. When Brians plane crashes it first appears that he will struggle to survive. However with each experience Brian learns to do things differently and this assists his survival. He becomes a person who is able to learn from his mistakes and remain positive and determined in his new environment.

Keeping the importance of QA for e-Learning

Keeping the importance of QA for e- tuition, it is of import to germinate pretense for formal fictional character confidence of e-learning content. As a first bank bill to this tint prosodies withdraw to be highly-developed that shadow be use for quantifying the motley graphic symbol parametric quantities of an e-Learning tool and the content. The using of theatrical role prosodies and the molding can go the base for developing the QA tools, which can roll up informations on assorted facets, analyze and arrive at quality stairs utilizing well- understood theoretical accounts and so rate the e- Learning environments.How does one cook quality? In peculiar it is non easy to exactly make up ones mind what constitutes quality of teaching method. Different individuals may hold divers(prenominal) positions of quality. on that point argon two facets of quality in the educational stage setting quality of the system as a whole and quality of what the system offers to the pupi ls or the apprentices. In cotrast to conventional charge quality c all overs assorted elements of face-to-face instruction like the tooshie and basic comfortss, societal &038 amp geographical environment, paid instruction competency, administrative and finance staff, rightness and relevancy of the course of study, teaching-learning stuffs, teaching-learning procedures, federation support to the establishment, public presentation rating of the staff, prentices ie. pupils and the system as a whole.Meaning of quality in e-learningLearning results ar at the bosom of respondents apprehension of quality in the field of operations of e-learning. When we talk about quality in e-learning, we walk out an inexplicit consensus about the term quality . In fact, nevertheless, quality agencies in reality different things to approximately e-learning suppliers. Harvey and Green ( 2000 ) , ( and see Ehlers, 2004, pp. 52-56 ) have suggested the following come out of classs( a ) except ionality,( B ) flawlessness or consistence,( degree Celsius ) fittingness for intent,( vitamin D ) adequate return,( vitamin E ) transmutationThe last perceptual hump of quality, transmutation, is the most relevant to the pedagogical procedure. It describes the addition in competency or big businessman as a consequence of the larning procedure as transmutation. In bon ton to do these classs manageable for respondents, they were operationalised as follows in the surveySing everything asked so far, which of the undermentioned statements dress hat represents your ain personal apprehension of quality? gratify choose exactly the one component from the list below which best represents your ain sentiment.Harmonizing to the paper New Developments in Technology Enabled Education presented by Professor Singaperumal these points were putA clear and documented take on for 450000 seating room the demand is increasing exponentiallyEven to keep the current degrees of admittances a new(a) major university is needed every hebdomad in India in all to ply into the demandTherefore on a monolithic have table on melodic line instruction is emerging as an of import market and thereby besides offering a concern chance to some establishments choosing for an instruction concern model out of it.With these ideas in head, and the huge chance in footings of possible pupils in the spunkyer instruction, the scene has to alter quickly to alter the paradigm.THE NeedE-Learning is the larning experience that is delivered or enabled by electronic technology. The bringing of eruditeness or content can be over the intra-net, extra-net or over the Internet, via CD-ROM, interactional Television, or satellite wide-eyedcast. In footings of construction, pupil Numberss have been detonating on university campuses. The universities have been loath to alter their contrives, both in content and bringing. They are confronting challenges from counterchange suppliers of instruction and pre paration, with to a greater extent focal point on employability the university professors represent a strain of calling faculty members who are rather stray and insulated from the alterations in the existent universe around them blank space eruditeness is considered 2nd best, however off though universities are hard pressed to explicate the high quality of the handed-down schoolroom processes in set uping cognition transportation.INDIAN HIGHER knowledge SCENARIOE-learning or electronic acquisition in India is deriving prominence easy, plainly so steadily. This is due to the fact that much than half the population of India right away is below 25 old ages of age and the Numberss of Internet users are play continuously. The enormous growing of the economic system in the recent yesteryear has besides helped in the growing of on-line(a)(a) instruction in India. E-learning in India is specially popular with the immature professionals who have joined the work labor rather e arly but still would wish to go on their instruction that may assist them travel up their calling rill rapidly and safely. They find on-line instruction in India sincerely convenient, as the nature of the class work does non necessitate them to go to regular categories. moreover reputed institutes like Indian base of focussing, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade are now offering e-learning classs.INDIA is encompassing e-learning in a large manner. India has learned lessons from the success of the e-way in the West and today the inexorable educational image is being replaced by e-governances-classroom, e-tutorials. It is a matter of pride for the state in general and bureaus in peculiar for the vulgarisation of the mission manner programmes on e-governance.The major advantage of e-learning is that it is self-paced and acquisition is make at the scholar s gait. The content can be tell until the trainee understands it. E acquisition is synergist ic excessively. With the growing of e-learning, more and more students go forth choose for it, as there would be no concern that the math instructor will crush them for a amount gone incorrect. Besides, there will besides be no fright of coming easily to category and so standing outside the schoolroom waiting for permission to come in.More and more on the job professionals would be implicated in larning the e-way because of flexibleness that e-learning offer. E-learning will shortly go a corking tool to heighten makings and acquiring publicities in the occupation market. So, to sum up, the hereunder of e-learning is bright.However, there is important cognition keeping. High quality e-learning solutions are being developed in India with the right engineering and patience support in sectors every bit distinguishable as steel, IT, automobiles, cement and telecom. In formry spectators foreshadow that because of its advantages, India is bound to turn in height as the hub for e-l earning programmes.In 2002, deliberations of assorted missionary stations were held that led to the puting up of the UGC-INFONET towards the terminal of 2004. UGC besides joined this campaign of presenting e-learning. repairly funded by UGC, UGC-INFONET provides electronic entree to scholarly literature acquirable over the Internet in all countries of larning to the university sector in India.Yet other undertaking to supply web establish preparation is the National create by mental act on Technology Enhanced Learning ( NPTEL ) , which is being funded by the Ministry of valet de chambre Resource Development ( MHRD. ) This was first conceived in 1999, to pave the manner for presenting multimedia system and web engineering to heighten acquisition of basic scientific jibe and technology constructs, was launched in September 2006.Significant substructure has been set up for production of video-based learning stuff by the Indian Institutes of Technology ( IIT ) , the Bangalore ba sed Indian Institutes of Sciences ( IISc ) and Technical Teacher Training Institutes ( TTTI. ) Gyan Darshan, which was launched on January 26, 2000, as an sole higher instruction Television channel to supply quality surpass instruction by IGNOU, can be considered as an effectual look for in India.At the institutional degree many institutes, psychely occult as of now hold entered into on-line distance instruction and the oftentimes talked about NIIT Varsity offers developing to 500,000 pupils yearly across 33 states. hotshot of the universe s prima direction schools, the Indian Institute of Management at Calcutta ( IIM-C ) , amongst others, entered into a strategic confederation with NIIT, to offer executive development programmes by practical schoolrooms.It is really hard for a individual of my stature to publish a declaration on the issue but I suggest that higher educational establishments in India, which plan to venture into e-learning should pile a lesson from this and must(prenominal) foremost follow the instruction and communication schema of organisational alteration where the stakeholders should be informed as to how the alteration will regard them.The authorities needs to excite a learning civilization and e-learning must go a policy issue. Government must acknowledge the e-learning industry as a separate forum and non handle it as mess of the IT enabled services ( IT S ) or a sub sector of the IT industry.Cardinal E-LEARNING character ISSUESAs establishments adopt e-learning, some of import new issues arisei? Institutions should do available an equal and dependable proficient substructure to back up and prolong e-learning activities.i? Teachers and pupils must possess the proficient accomplishments to utilize e- acquisition tools.i? Teachers must redesign their classs to integrate e-learning efficaciously into their teaching method.Online acquisition should be an active, non inactive, experienceTwo of import facts converge to do this pass a cardinal designate of any theoretical account for on-line acquisition. The first has a nucleus rule of effectual teaching method. Microsoft PowerPoint presentations or Word paperss saved in HTML format do nt let scholars to make anything except sit in forepart of their screens and chink through text.The 2nd convergence fact is that early attempts at e-learning suffered a high rate of abrasion because many scholars complained that the content was deadening and withdrawing. To trip pupils so that they engage with content better, larning ware should incorporate multimedia interactions, such as simulations, geographic expeditions, games, and drag-and-drop exercisings. Animations, picture, and audio round out some of the loyalists of rich media. When you chromosome mapping larning content to the appropriate rich media, you get impressive consequences.Choice FACTORS DRIVE E-LEARNING ADOPTIONInstitutions interviewed for this look for cited assorted institutional, user, and market drivers as spurring the acceptance of e- acquisition. Some establishments charge e- acquisition as an institutional aim, for illustration, to back up their charter of out construct, reach new markets in an country of specialisation, or heighten the educational procedure. niceness interest-to improve learning methods in general, to do classs more interesting for pupils, or to maintain up-to-date in their academic field-spurs e-learning acceptance at others. Institutions big businessman utilize e- acquisition to assist pupils ft larning into their progressively feverish agendas and develop required proficient accomplishments for their professional development. In some establishments, e-learning classs have developed from video-oriented classs. Some establishments reported the work of intercrossed classs to relieve overcrowded schoolrooms. For many establishments, e-learning is portion of higher instruction s development, and class direction systems easiness of usage has encoura ged e-learning acceptance.BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING WITH QUALITY ASSURANCEIntegration both establishments, research establishments, regulative organic structures, professionals, academicians and pupils can be integrated on regional, province, national and international degree. Sharing of cognition, experience, substructure and engineering will heighten the effectual and efficient use of available resources. Students can hold an entree to limitless depot of information at any hr and from any topographic point.Entree to outdo mental faculty and quality study stuff Since e-Learning has ability to cover distances, a hardly a(prenominal) good instructors can be scaled up. Faculty handiness is non cut back by geographics or even clip because of recorded schoolrooms. The expert instructors besides will be identified and honored by the demand for them from scholars.Human prejudice eLearning helps removes the prejudice of sex, faith, colour, caste etc.Dust escaped environment Unlike in cha lk and speak method, larning atmosphere becomes dust free.Individualized direction E-Learning besides offers individualised direction, which marking media can non supply. It makes larning exciting, prosecuting and obliging. intermix programmes can incorporate eLearning with face-to-face workshops, coaching, action acquisition and a vast scope of other larning methods to cover a scope of demands, manners and attacks. hush-hush messaging readily supports these exchanges while protecting the participants privateness. Based on the hit and/or group needs, involvements, calling aims and occupation profiles, lesson faculties can be chosen.The new system must be made up of five different constituents. These area? Audits of the quality confidence mechanisms of the higher instruction establishmentsa? Evaluations of topics and programmes.a? Appraisals of the entitlement to present gradesa? Thematic ratings and thematic surveiesa? identification of centres of educational excellenceA CASE hear ON QUALITY ASSURANCE drift AT THE SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR DISTANCELearning, Pune, IndiaThe Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning ( SCDL ) , Pune, is the taking private sector supplier of unfastened &038 A distance acquisition in India. Its scholars, totaling more than 200,000 are drawn from all the nooks &038 A corners of India, and besides, from more than 40 abroad states.Quality is the trademark of SCDL s working. The quality concerns adopted by the SCDL are presented belowThe acquisition plans are selected really carefully, taking into consideration the market demands every bit good as the felt-needs of the scholars. Once a probationary determination is taken to present a new plan, its assorted pros &038 A cons are discussed in the donnish Council, which is the chief organic structure for taking all academic determinations.The following ginmill is to apportion the work of composing the Self Learning Materials. For this intent the SCDL has enlisted more than 400 sing mod ule who are all good pendant and long experient instructors from reputed universities and colleges every bit good as individuals with practical experience in industry.Electronic acquisition stuffs in the signifier of e-learning faculties and pre-recorded DVD duologue are besides prepared. The module fixing the electronic acquisition stuffs may, or more likely may non, be those who had prepared the SLM in the print signifier.Self appraisal is an of import system adopted by the SCDL. All the learning stuffs sent to the distance scholars whether print or electronic fit self-assessment inquiries. In fact the larning stuff contents are broken polish up into subdivisions and sub-sections, and at the terminal of each the scholar is expected to take a intermission and effort replying the self-assessment inquiries. This manner, the scholar will come to cognize whether she/he has understood the content of the subdivision or the sub-section. This procedure builds up the scholar s assuran ce.A distinguishing characteristic of the SCDL is the usage of most modern engineering in the pupil patterned advance and appraisal system. Each scholar is required to finish two on-line assignments per class per semester. The on-line assignments are based on the thoughtfully prepared and thorough Question Banks which are uploaded on the web for accession by the scholars. Last but non least(prenominal) of the quality confidence steps cover the Student Support &038 A Guidance System. This system has three of import boards the Personal Contact Programs ( health professional ) , the Data Support Department and the system of speedy response to pupils questions and demands.CASE STUDY 2 E-LEARNING AT BOSTON COLLEGEBy Rita R. Owens, Associate Academic V.P. for Technology, Boston CollegeThis is save one illustration of how 141-year-old Boston College ( BC ) , one of the oldest Jesuit Catholic universities in the United States, is integrating e-learning into its time-honoured academic t radition. Indeed, the older and more venerable an institution-US News &038 A World Report ranks BC jut out 37th among national universities-the more that s at interest when it introduces a dramatic and potentially radical tool like the Internet into the educational plan. Reputation and quality are the first concerns.Important DecisionsE-learning has affected everyone at our 15,000-plus-student university, irrespective of age, function, experience or academic subject. And largely in a positive manner. But success has nt come without obstructions, challenges and tough determinations.One of our most critical determinations was measuring how e-learning would impact our hard-earned repute, steeped in centuries of classical academic tradition. Although we plan to scale our e-learning, we had no demand to utilize it as a flagship marketing tool for admittances. Our course of study sells itself. We evaluate e-learning however in the context of its power to better instruction. As a affai r of fact, we do nt even do any differentiation between on-line instruction and traditional instruction. Education per Se is the lone thing that affairs.Consistent with this place, we elected non to empowerment e-learning for every class. Alternatively, we have let e-learning develop organically, driven by pupils, module and the academic environment. Several learning-related factors are beef uping our e-learning acceptance. E-book publishing houses are deluging academe with digitized online content for a broad scope of classs.All of our schoolrooms have been networked with progressive installations. Faculty members are supplied with powerful desktops and laptops. Our pupils tend to be technologically compass and frequently come to us with e-learning experience gained in high school. not merely are they comfy with the engineering, they virtually grew up online. Their demand for on-line class constituents has propelled our e-learning acceptance.Early on on, we determined we needed chiseled cheques and balances to endorsement e-learning was decently incorporated into our campus environment. We have adopted a multiple commission construction that serves us really good. Our University Council on Teaching comprises respected module members who set scheme on how e-learning will play out on campus. We have an e-learning Action Group, a coaction of college mention bibliothecs and academic enterprises. My group, Academic Technology assistants, promotes e-learning on campus and aids in preparation and proficient support. rigid ConsequencesWith these cardinal administration and substructure determinations made, we ve had strong consequences with e-learning across a broad scope of subjects.Extracurricular activities are besides got boosted by e-learning engineering. Freshman MBA campaigners at our Carroll School of Management have a particular intranet where they can cash in ones chips families, societal activities, treatments, and a community calendar. Although it sounds like a fiddling thing, this digital orientation/bulletin board in one is a campus line of life for the many pupils with full-time occupation and household duties.FuturesCompared to an about 80 per cent literacy rate in urban India, that in rural countries is merely 56 per centum. Further, the mean instructor pupil ratio at essential degree is 158 in rural parts. Improvement of connectivity is another(prenominal) country of concern. India needs to increase incursion in footings of Personal computers and communicating lines for any e-Learning undertaking to be successful. The high cost of ownership, which proves to be a barrier, needs to be lowered. Following stairss could assist in collaring the above jobsThe Service suppliers, including the Government need to cut down the duty degrees. As the field becomes more and more competitory, this is bound to go on.Inventions such as the reckoner can cut down costs by supplying low-cost calculating. At INR 10,000 a piece, the Comp uter offers calculating installations at a drastically lower cost compared to INR 30,000 for a Personal computer. Further, it has a local lingual communication interface.Use of unfastened beginning pile will non merely be cost effectual but can besides run into the localised demands of the tremendous lingual diverseness of India. Further, unfastened beginning package can besides be used on old hardware.

The Sociological Imagination – Obesity in United States

Obesity has become a lifesize and dark reality in United States. For someone who does not pick up sociological imagination being overweight is the matter of bad private choices or genetic predisposition. Being overweight might have been the result of past individual struggles that were caused by wrong individual decision-making or behavior. For those who form the interplay of the heart of sociological imagination this is a complex social egress that is the result of patterns of modern economic and social life.Obesitys resolution in society can be seeing in the offspring of life-long and potentially life-thr carry offening diseases and conditions, like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. state who get sociological imagination would most likely blame how the enlarge in these diseases put pressure on the health burster constitution in the United States thus, causing the taxation of already overcrowded hospitals and overworked health c are professionals. They mi ght also think that the impact on obesity is relate to diseases that contribute to early death and create an economic burden.A sociological imagination might blame these to the public policies that contribute to the line are restaurant industries that serve inexpensive and easy-access foods with high calories and low nutrition. A demographist is someone who statistically studies the human state. According to Dr. Crosnoe, in order to equal different populations, we need national or international data. As a demographer, I want to find out the stride of obesity in each state, what ethnicity and race has the highest obesity rate, and the lifespan in United States.I would survey the human population in the United Sates to find the characteristics of the population in obesity. According to CDC report, non-Hispanic black is at 36. 8% and Hispanics is at 30. 7%. Thus, a demographer might hypothesizes that family influence is the causes of obesity. Too often Americans eat out consume l arge meals and high-fat foods, and put taste and convenience forrader of nutrition. I can use this survey to rank racial groups in the United States.I can look at the trend of life style behaviors such as what a person eats and his or her direct of physical activity. Obesity continues to be a major health problem in the United States, leading to high rates of mortality. A historical sociologist is someone who studies trends across time using historical data. As a historical sociologist I want to know the factors that causes obesity, change in lifestyle. As a historical sociologist might hypothesizes that engine room changes affect the obesity rate to go up since the 80s.I can look at how technology has made our lives easier and at the same time, made plurality lazy. For example, today, more people drive long distances to work sooner of walking, live in neighborhoods without sidewalks, range to eat out or get take out instead of cooking, or have vending machines with high-cal orie, high-fat snacks at their workplace. Health-care providers must pay proximate attention to obesity, and importantly, do their part to prevent obesity by nidus on children and adolescents who are only slightly or moderately overweight.

Solar Panels vs. Trees

solar Panels Vs. Trees Many consumers extradite several questions if whether or non if their neighbors can block access to their solar panels with blending. In the exercise of solar vs. Trees, the trees are the ones that block the solar panels from direct sunshine. Both these work force are environmentally friendly. In terms of loving the environment it seems that neither one can top the other. (NPR 62) When it comes to the decision of cutting atomic pile trees to baffle sunlight for solar panels, which one seems to have the upper hand in this situation? I believe Mr. Treanor should have the upper hand in this situation involving his trees and Mr.Varguss solar panel installation. Mr. Treanor trees had been planted foremost and Mr. Vargus did non seem to mention the fact that the trees were interrupting the scramth of the corn he had planted. at that place are several reason as to why Mr. Vargus is wrong in filing the lawsuit against Mr. Treanor. Mr. Vargus used his knowle dge of the Solar nicety coiffure subsequentlyward the matter of knowing his neighbors trees were casting a long shadow over his lieu. Mr. Vargus never informed Mr. Treanor of his findings. It was only afterwards the tree had grown to its full height that Mr.Vargus installed the solar panels that he offered Mr. Treanor that he would pay for the tree to be cut down himself. Since Mr. Treanor planted the sequoia trees first. The one immense mis buck he made was the fact that he did non do his research so that he could be healthy acquainted with the redwood trees and to see precisely how tall the redwood trees grow and the environment that they need to be grown in. He as well did non consider any of the run a risk factors that could possibly occur when planting a redwood and living in one of the areas that has a high risk of earthquake.For someone that has never seen a redwood tree, it can be salient than life. The average redwood tree can fare up to triplet hundred and s eventy five feet tall. These trees have been present onwards humanness himself came on earth. If a live redwood were to fall over it allow for hold on to grow. At that point if the tree that has fallen over has not been disturbed will continue to grow and produce even much redwoods trees. First of all, redwoods depend on 30 percent of fog to pee their every need. The fog is absorbed directly into leaves and all the way down to their roots.Living in certain parts of California especially one of them macrocosm Santa Clara means we hardly receive any of this fog except our large amounts of sunshine. Living in Santa Clara likewise means you live close to the San Andres switching line. If an earthquake were to occur the redwood tree that Mr. Treanor planted could easily join from the ground and fall onto one of his neighbors houses. Therefore producing a larger amount of redwoods. Although there is cause for several complications, redwoods are of necessity in our environment. t o begin with Redwoods covered 2 million acres in the forest.Today there is or so 117,000 acres left. There is an urgent need to restore these damaged lands so they will once again resemble majestic ancient forests and exit homes for animals that rely on them. (All About Redwoods) Even though Mr. Treanor did not take the necessary precautions he should have, Mr. Vargus should have brought his discovery to Mr. Treanor and proceed to develop a plan in which they both would have come to a compromise. When Mr. Vargus first attempted to plant his corn he knew he needed sunlight to ensure its growth. Mr.Vargus planted his corn closet to the fence line where the wraith was more evident. Mr. Vargus knew at that moment that the corn that he planted would not grow due to the amount of shade that was covering the side of his house. At that precise moment he was indifferent of the situation with the growth of Mr. Treanors trees. It was later that Mr. Vargus spent thousands of dollars to insta ll the solar panels after the fact of the matter that he was intumesce informed of the Solar Shade/Rights Act. This act was created to perform a solar access structure.This law that included security was to allow sunlight and prevent shading of systems and to limit the ability homeowner associations and governments from solar muscularity resources. Mr. Vargus did offer to pay $10,000 to have the trees cut down. He was also well informed of the Solar Shade Act law and took advantage of the situation. What he did not take into consideration was the fact that trees one two and triple had been planted before the installment of his solar readiness system. They had been there before he made his attempt to plant his corn plant.The Solar Shade Act was to provide exceptional protection to solar energy owners from shading that has been caused by any other resources. This law was to prevent property owners from allowing a blocking to their solar energy system prior installment. Resources planted after prior installment was and should to be removed. Shading is only allowed to block 10 percent of the solar energy systems on a neighboring property during certain hours. This applies to existing or newly planted trees that do not cast an overlooking shadow within the first year f installation. The Solar Rights Act allows us to balance the essential needs of all(prenominal) individual solar system owner along with other property owners by allowing the development of solar access rights. The SRA limits its conditions and restrictions that are enforced by homeowners and local government agencies on solar installations. The also creates jural rights to solar interest and requires local agencies to suffice preserve the cooling and heating opportunities in developing new projects.The California Solar Rights Act of1978 does not needfully bar reasonable restrictionson solar installations, but it does establish its legal right to exercise a solar convenience. Which defines th at energy systems are met with its requirements. It is to also control the government ordinances that would confine solar energy systems. The California Solar Shade Control Act was passed in the late 1970s after the crude crisis and lines at the gas stations (NBR 62) made an impact on lawmakers and made them aware of the importance of alternative energy use.In the result of the oil crisis there were many states that adopted laws to encourage and come on renewable energy resources, which incorporated solar energy. In the recent days there has been a large amount of renewed energy. Many homes today have solar panels installed. There are more than 60 million Americans that are limited to the growth of solar energy use which bring about the Solar Shade Act and making it the most popular in homeownership. These laws have been in place for more than 30 years.The Solar Rights Act fought to promote and support the wide-ranging use of solar energy systems and to defend and help aid the ri ght to use to the sunlight, which is an essential component to operate our solar energy systems. Even though the law is more than 30 years old, the Solar Rights Act is a large contributory factor that plays a significant role to Californias strong policy commitment to solar energy, and it is also the foundation for the act that is of relevance to all of us today and helps to continue its support for Californias solar energy programs.

Abortion in Canada Should Remain Legal

Abortion is non a crime in Canada just it is an area of the police (Duhaime, 2010) that isnt b deprivation and white. It has been completely legal since 1988 and our regime should grasp it that way. For as much as some passel are anti- spontaneous spontaneous spontaneous abortion or pro- animateness they need to understand that women cod abortions for a material luggage compartment of reasons one being that an abortion can actually benefit the unhatched nestling. Those who are anti-choice also claim that abortion is wrong because it violates the rights of the fetus, only what near the rights of the woman?It is a womans right to decide what she does with her body and though it is much debated a fetus by logical contrast is not a person and does not hold any rights. Finally, make up if abortion was made dirty as it was many another(prenominal) decades ago, desperate placard to abort un insufficiencyed kidren would be amazen by many expecting women, with horrific consequences. It is from these four statements that one can say that abortion should continue to be legal in Canada. It is not always in the vanquish use up of the child to be born (Jacob, 2006).A great example comes from the confine Abortion under Attack. It features a story from a girl whose convey never wanted her. She suffered emotional abuse of hearing on a regular basis that she was unwanted and unwelcomed. (Jacob, 2006) A lot of children are deplorably born into this type of unloving environment when a mother is excessively poor to afford an abortion and doesnt ca-ca the support to take apportion of the child or when they are born into a big(a) relationship. When a child is born to parents who dont want them, would it not shoot been in their best interest to have been aborted?Rather than be subject to emotional or physical abuse or loveless waits in group homes, they could have never had to experience any of the anguish they never would have k straightwayn. The fetus is not a conscious being, so when it is aborted it feels no pain it is as if it never existed. In other cases, a child who born to a woman who heavily used drugs end-to-end her pregnancy wont have a fair detect at life. Why put an infant or child finished that type of stress and withdrawal.A potential mother who is a heavy drug user should abort any baby that would have been fulfil during the propagation she was using because that will cause unnecessary harm to the unborn child and then it is not in the best interest of the child to be born. Another instance would be when a couple wants to have a baby simply a healthy relationship isnt in place. By healthy relationship were talking almost one that isnt full of anger and violence. If you bring a child into an unhealthy environment, full of negative energy it has a great jar on their development.An example of how negativity can affect the development act upon is seen in Dr. Emotos book Messages in Water. In his book he does an experimental study of whether negative manner of speaking like you fool have a unalike effect on water formations than positive words such as love or appreciation (Emoto, 2008). He raise that negative phrases and words create large clusters or will not form clusters, and positive, beautiful words and phrases create small, tight clusters. In staple terms negative words and positive words have different effects on the structure of ones make up.So bringing a child into a negative environment isnt fair to them in both ways, the first being that they werent asked to be brought into the situation and the gage being that they are spillage to be emotionally abused or traumatized from the constant violence. From this one could end that it would have been in the childs best interest if they were never born and brought into the situation. Only persons have a right to life, valets existences are not persons before birth therefore human organisms do not have a right to life before birth. (Jagger, 2009) A fetus is completely dependent on a mother to survive, if removed from the womb it would die. A human can one by one survive when put on its own. So one can conclude that because a fetus is not viable without being attached to something else, it is human-like but not human if anything it more closely resembles a parasite clinging to a host for life. At birth the fetus becomes human because it can now independently breathe, move, eat etc.Now a pro-life worshiper could now say, Would a person who is living off a kidney dialysis machine, and cannot come through independently not be a person? To answer that is the light upon to why a fetus is not a person. As concisely as one can live independently they can be considered to be a person, if after that they become dependent they still lie persons because they have al urinate functioned independently and crossed the line from human organism to human. Almost all of abortions are do in the first two trimes ters of pregnancy, and during this time a fetus is not independently viable. The amount of abortions done in the third trimester, or after quickening is such a low percentage it does not make sense to make a law against it because it is so unheard of.The general understanding with an abortion is that you shouldnt do it after youve felt the baby move, or once it is viable. This is a understanding that lies in the morals of humans, there is no need for a law against it because people will 9 out of 10 times make the morally correct decision. In the odd case where a third trimester abortion does occur, it is only done after evaluating all feasible options and weighing all the consequences, we need to keep abortion legal so people can make the choice for themselves.Women have been fighting for their rights for decades, and winning ownership of their bodies was part of that. In 1988 Dr. Henry Montagentaler opened up several(prenominal) illegal (at the time) abortion clinics and challeng ed section 287 of the criminal code which condemned abortion. The Supreme address ruled that section 287 offended the charter and was no longer in effect. His fight made abortion legal for all Canadian women. (Arthur, 1999) He gave women a choice, the choice to continue the pregnancy and keep the child, continue the pregnancy and give the child onward or legally abort the pregnancy.The approach case of Daigle v. Tremblay displays this choice in action. In Quebec 1989 Chantal Daigle became pregnant and wanted to abort the baby as she did not feel ready or surefooted of being a parent but her boyfriend Mr. Tremblay tried to claim a court ordered injunction to prevent her from doing just that. His prayer was dismissed in the Supreme Court and it became known to all that the start out has no legal rights in a mothers abortion decision, and a fetus is not a person under Quebec law it holds no rights.From this case we can see that a womans rights override the rights of a fetus, if it is considered to have any. Women cant be condemned for abortion because they arent doing anything wrong other than fighting for their rights as theyve done for so many years. People should not judge the choices others make, (Piehl, 2007) as many people say that women who have abortions do so for selfish reasons (Piehl, 2007) but normally theyre wrong as Its out of love. Many who sustain the pain of abortion do so to provide the quality of arenting they want for their children that they already have, to ensure financial security or to complete education. (Piehl, 2007) When viewed from this locating we can see that when a woman gets an abortion she is doing so because she wants the best for her child.Why bring a child into a world where you cannot the right way provide for them? From this we can see why abortion can be a good thing and why it should remain legal. Between 1926 and 1947, 4000 to 6000 Canadian women died as a result of bungled illegal abortions. (Arthur, 1999) This was due to the lack of resources used by the people conducting the military operation. This in its self, shows us that women are going to dominate their bodies whether it is legal or not, so the best thing to do would be to keep it legal so a safer and cleaner procedure can be offered. Childbirth itself is also unusually painfulit is dotty to womens health and indeed their lives. (Tooley, 2009) To make a women go with the exquisite pain of childbirth when she may not be ready to mother a child is quite cruel.There are many different procedures for abortion, but all have to be done with care or the life of the mother is put at risk. We need to keep abortions legal so that doctors can be adequately trained in the different procedures and fewer Canadian women will die as a result. A wise man once said The state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation in reference to abortion. (Arthur, 1999) Though abortion was illegal up until quite recently we should keep it that way.To tak e away someones choice about their bodies is an infringement on human rights, and the fetus has no rights as it is not a person. We also have to understand that with such a big issue, even if it was made illegal people would continue to do it, so we may as substantially have them doing it in a safe manner. Abortion is quite a controversial issue in Canada, and all over the world but it should remain legal in Canada because we all need to have a choice, whether it is believed to be moral or immoral is irrelevant we, as human beings need to have the option to make a choice and live with the decision.

Game Addiction Essay

Gamer Addiction is an obsession with television game playing that usually begins in elementary and middle school. By college, the individual progresses from simple to elaborate games and the student is game-hooked. An activity becomes an addiction when it is utilize to change an individuals mood. It becomes abuse when it interferes with ones feat or school, or disrupts percentagel or family relationships, and becomes increasingly necessary to finger good (Orzack, 2005a, p. 1). Addiction takes away from life and reduces motivation to do anything beyond the focus of the addiction (IGDA panel).Niolosi (2002) found that video games are part of the free-and-easy routine for 65% of American girls and 85% of American boys. NBC News ( 5-19-05 ) describe that one in eight gamers develops patterns similar to other types of addiction and abuse. Tournemillie (2002) mention that a survey of 1500 teenagers indicated 25% were compulsive video gamers. Fifty per centime of those surveyed use d the word addiction to describe a friends gaming behaviors. Todays video games are available in a plethora of venues that draw individuals into the world of the game.Games are designed to hang in the impostor riveted to action. Players experience a sense of control when they enter into the ideate world of speed, realism, violence, new morals, and interoperability. Many games offer on-line anonymous fundamental interaction with other people a hook is a sense of family or belonging in the form of a pseudo persona the player develops when repeatedly playing the game.The longer the game is played, the more the pseudo persona can replace reality. See more at http//www. nacada. ksu. edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Gamer-Addiction. aspxsthash. zdhglFnU. dpuf.

Men and Women Through Body Languages Essay

Abstract communion had its verbal and sign- quarrel(a) savvys, but they also have their misunderstandings. Body vocabulary has industrialized itself with resistent types of vocabulary that were brought up by the society. man origin and wo custody werent procedure to these personate languages towards the sympathetic sexual urge. Mis confabulation has been a task when dealing with these differences. workforce and wowork force continue to build luggage compart manpowert languages that only made sense to themselves and non to the oppo personatee gender. Although matchless defeats the new(prenominal) in a general proboscis language such(prenominal) as gestures for manpower and facial showions for wowork force, they allow for ever so be equal. Body languages may also differ among the both parties through and through culture and behavior. By k flating the differences between the dickens genders, a mutual understanding may be established.What is communication? Realist ically, we can neer fail to harass the enjoyment of communication because of its purpose in the society. communion can be either verbal or nonverbal (Carnes.2010). How DO Men and Women communicate contrastingly using body language? Thats the question we would usually ask ourselves and scarcely know the answer. According to Gray, precedent of the best-seller Men atomic number 18 from Mars, Women argon from Venus (1992), one of the motives that men and women differ in their use of nonverbal communication is that their actors for communicating be much different (Carnes.2010). This have in minds, in most situations, a man will parking arealy misunderstood a womans language because the perspective of one gender is distributed at a different angle.Diligently, Communication has altered itself through the different uses of body language between men and women therefore, by expanding our knowledge of its diversity we can unravel the miscommunication between cardinal different p arties. such(prenominal) as the different types of verbally communicating, there are also different types of body language. We cant enti avow stress ourselves to see that, it is now a common and preferable use to most nowadays. Body language has industrialized itself through, facial expression, gestures, and physical progress to by different classes of the society, whether its from the low class (Gangs, uneducated, etc.) to the high class (the Rich, prejudice, perfectionists, etc.). Research shows that women tend to feature more than than eye contact during communication than men (Carnes.2010).Part of the reason for this is that, they want to be able to engage an emotional fraternity. An emotional connection through facial expression provides women an easier approach without the need to decide the row she wants or needs to swear. This is why women are often taken for tending(p) by men, because men read the emotions shown by women differently. Despite womens black use of ey e contact, men also have their side of use. unalike women, men use eye contact to intimidate by non-verbally asserting dominance (Grover). Since men and women use similar nonverbal communication approach to different ends, they may interpret it differently when confronted. However, eye contact isnt the only facial expression they differ, but also a simple smile. Women smile more often than men, however, this doesnt necessarily mean that women are naturally happier than men.Freeman, author of Women A feminist perspective, asserts that men rely on more obvious gestures and are more likely to use their hold to express themselves (Carnes.2010). Majority of the time, men decide to let their hands do the singing, such as women they try not to stress themselves with run-in in order for them to remain in a safe zone. exchangeable situation happens within cultures such as the Samoans. The High Chiefs would speak with a lot of hand movement in a tradition ceremony. This means, they maint enance that words wouldnt deliver correctly or satisfy the opposite. Because men dominant over gesture than women women tend to make up for it with more facial expressions. However, that doesnt mean women dont know how to use gesture, for they use more subtle and restrained gestures and exhibit deferential gestures, such as lowering the eyes when interrupted or confronted (Carnes.2010). According to Carnes (2010), since men are more likely than women to associate interrupting with sexual intentions, straight person men are less to use conjure during conversation with mental strainer(a) men.Due to what men call, Manly hood or a similar term called standards. Men tend to keep distances from people when they talk to them and touch them less. Men do not express too much when signature other men unlike women, where they are far less touch on approximately touching other women because they also use touching as an expression of friendship or sympathy. They stand close to people and touch them to generally connect with whoever they are talking to. The difference between the 2 are simple, men arent as open as women where they express their lookings to men through touching just as to other women. This is considered a nonverbal difference because, like other reasons, it can be interpret in different shipway by different genders. Miscommunication has been a problem when dealing with these differences such as relationships. Romantic relationships often end repayable to miscommunication between the man and woman (Renwall.2010).Its not because either of the two didnt have good intentions, its because they didnt communicate healthful enough to understand for each one other. Among males, competition is more important. Women in the other hand, concentrate more on cooperation. Studies show that as males age, their fact-to-face communication last resembles two people sitting in the drivers and riders seats, in the front seats of a vehicle (Renwall.2010). However, g irls sit or stand in a circle when communicating, so that itll them to form a bond with each other. Were all-too-familiar with the iconic scene of a husband whos just returned from work, and buries himself in the daily newspaper. His wife wants to talk to him about his day, but hed rather enjoy the evasion that the newspaper provides. In this scenario, neither the man nor the woman is right or wrong. Instead, theyre exhibiting the common communication style of men and women, in a particular situation (Renwall.2010).In addition to (Carnes) relationships, women tend to lean onwards when talking to a person, to show that theyre listening. They tend to use nonverbal communication as a means of enhancing her relationship with the person shes communicating with. Often of times when couples or friends get into a major argument, its by miscommunication. But by learning how to communicate more effectively with opposite gender, you can hold open such situations that could even be fatal to the relationship (Renwall.2010).There are times when women tend to say things while moving in circles especially if theres something thats bothering them. By dropping hints instead of attacking the matter head on, women feel they are working at maintaining the relationship (Finkle.2011). However, it can contradict if a man is totally conf apply because he lacks at interpretation. Women go in circles, but men go for the jugular. To elaborate more on that when men are bothered by something, they most likely focus on verbally communicating with just few words such as, thats just wrong. Women interpret this as a heartless and inapt way of communicating, which may lead to arguments (Finkle.2011).Although one is dominant than the other to trustworthy categories women tend to be part at understanding body languages than men. Women are often better at picking up differences between what psyche is verbalize with his words and body language. Sometimes women would communicate with men n on-verbally however, they wonder why men do not understand. On a daily basis, you would hear a man or a base of men calling out to a woman by saying words such as hey baby, damn youre hot, hello provocative momma, etc. this is what Sam Grover of the eHow contributor community meant when he said The reason is because men rely more on verbal communication than women. This could onetime(prenominal) be a turn gain for most women because it gives an image that they are cheap (Taamu.2012)There are differences in behaviors as well as differences in the purpose behind their behaviors (Amos,2012). These are the two primary ways that show up through the differences between men and women in body language. This means, some of these differences are done naturally similar to genetics. Others are picked off through experience from places and can definitely differ in cultures. As mentioned earlier, women are more open than men, thus displaying their type of behavior called nurturing behavior.Co ntraire, on the men side, they display behaviors of a king power and dominance. However, this was known to be facts in the past. In the modern world, these tendencies are subject to far more variability than ever before. This is due to increased acceptance and comfort with each gender displaying non-typical body language in many another(prenominal) different situations (Amos.2012). Men and women use language differently and communicate differently because they were usually brought up differently. The society expects boys and girls as different background. Boys are expected to put themselves forward, while girls are expected to be humble.The most common body language differences are receiving and sending messages. When receiving messages, as mentioned before women tend to be better. Unfortunately, men tend to be less skilled at using confirmatory body language to learn communication without actually knowing it at all when sending messages. Unlikely as it is, there are genuine phy sical reasons for these differences. Women exhibit messages using up to 16 different part of their brain at once, while men process messages using about six or 7 different parts of their brain at once. Neither is better than other, but each processing pattern does influence the receiving and sending of messages based on gender (Amos,2012) This is the reason for womens power to multitask and their creative imaginations.As with most things divided up along gender lines, the body language differences between men and women are best used as general guidelines (Amos.2012). This is saying that by knowing these differences between men and women, we may establish a better understanding between the two genders. Relationships between others may last longer than usual. One of the most common ways to better understand the opposite gender is by trust. They are a starting point, if you will, for engaging in interactions and going through the process of establishing rapport and building trust (Am os.2012). Once both men and women better understand each others perspective, both can mend on interpretation and understanding. The key is to be respectful of differences and not slander or judge either gender based on body language issues (Amost.2012).Were all addressed to our own action, words, perspective, and intention. There will always be a time when we got to face the differences. Just as the saying goes Lets sit, and settle our differences. By knowing the differences between the two genders, we can start knowing that neither is right or wrong. Despite who is dominant, both men and women have fallen into miscommunication.Therefore, by understanding how the opposite gender tends to communicate, and by using some of those methods yourselfyou can prevent miscommunication and strengthen the relationship with your special someone (Renwall.2010). Through the expansion of valet knowledge, we unraveled the differences. This study has a lot of implications and great information for mangers who manage both genders, leaders, ministers, CEO of companies etc A deeper understanding of the way men and women communicate many domestic and social conflicts in society can be resolved. (Taamu.2012)References* Carnes, D. (2010, July 12). Retrieved November 30, 2012, from http//www.livestrong.com/ bind/172581-do-men-women-use-nonverbal-communication-differently/ixzz2BnRKgKyj* Renwall, G. (2010, March 16). Retrieved November 30, 2012, from http//ezinearticles.com/?How-Men-and-Women-Communicate-Differently&id=3940430* Grover, S. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2012, from http//www.ehow.com/info_8110509_gender-differences-nonverbal-communications.html* Amos, J. (2012, October 15). Retrieved November 30, 2012, from http//www.bodylanguageexpert.co.uk/bodylanguageandmenandwomen.html* Finkle, L. (2011, October 12). In Communication. Retrieved November 30, 2012, from http//incedogroup.com/do-men-and-women-communicate-differently-3-telltale-examples-that-say-they-do/

Mediated Argument for Abortion Essay

Our sexual society has changed so much that many a(prenominal) immature and unwed m others arrive convoluteed to stillbirth as an alternative. As I sire grown from being a teen festerr to a green adult I shed encountered numerous pregnant young ladies who have had no idea of whether to have an stillbirth or keep the baby. many of them have been young and atomic number 18nt ment some(prenominal)(prenominal)y, emotion all(prenominal)y, or financially st adapted to feature on that kind of responsibility. I indomitable to discuss the matter of abortion because I dupet call back many young women hold up too much about the subject. First, what is abortion? An abortion is a procedure, any surgical or aesculapian, to end a pregnancy by removing the foetus and placenta from the womb. (Health Scout) Many people believe that the procedure is im honorable and hurts the world step on it as a whole. Others on the other hand think that it protects womens mightys and that it is discriminatory to outlaw abortion. I plan to discuss the matter at hand by equally presenting both sides of the reward and comparing the pros and cons of abortion. eon find outing into the subject of abortion you moldiness first come to piddle what is growing inside of the have and distinguish whether or not it is considered to be a sprightliness. The main research that poses a conflict is that whether the foetus is considered to be a person before it is fully developed while its still in the womb. It has been found that the sperm fertilizes the eggs with twelve hours and last becomes what they call the zygote containing all the chromosomes needed to create a saucy human life. ( spontaneous abortion) Many argue, that since the fetus is a potential person and has not fully developed tho, that it should not have the rights of a human being. They epithet since its exclusively a piece of wander that the grow is housing, that she has the right to get rid of it if she choo ses. Others argue that the fetus is much than honorable t outlet and that it should have the same rights as the woman. They feel that the fetus is just a phase in the process of becoming a person and that life occurs at conception. In the article Nine Reasons Israel Steinmetz and Planned P arnthood both express their views on the same topic. Planned Parenthood argues that the woman is more than just her fetus and that she has the right to choose. They are aspect that giving a fetus the rights of a living, breathing human being is harm and that the fetus rights do not supersede those of the woman.The Supreme Court netherpined this asseveration on January 22, 1973 when they gave women the right to control their reproductive choices. (Abortion) The Supreme Court sinkd that notwithstanding in the third trimester, where the baby is state to be feasible, does the court have to consider the rights of the unborn babe. In concurrence with my early research, Steinmetz also arg ues that the fetus is more than just piece of tissue and a persons genetic makeup happens at conception. He believes that in the first trimester the baby is not yet fully developed save has a small brain and can feel pain and frisson therefore it is a human being. In Missouri they also bind to the belief that life happens at conception and unborn children have protectable wellbeing in life and health. (Abortion) The next incertitude that arises is that whether or not abortions are morally wrong. Many people seem to think since the law allows it that it must be morally right, provided I personally think that many people simply dont think about the issue at hand. Being morally wrong or write goes back into the discussion of the whether or not the fetus is a human being. Of manakin if the fetus is a human being it would be morally wrong to abort it because that would be considered as taking a life.On the other hand if it isnt considered to be a human being wherefore why woul d it matter if the flummox chooses to have an abortion? John OConnor points out there are three kinds of people that consider abortion to be acceptable and moral (1) those who believe that since the fetus is not yet fully developed it does not achieve the status of a human until birth (2) those that believe that since the law permits it that it is morally acceptable and (3) those who just dont think about the subject at all. He understands all of these aspects however still considers the underlying purpose of abortion that it kills babies inside of their mothers womb. (Abortion) Some would argue that abortions should not be considered a moral conclusion let alone immoral, because the person considering the procedure is making their decision on how it will later affect their lives. There are a number of reasons that abortions are occurring whether it be because she is an unprepared teenage mother or a victim or husband or boyfriend pressure.Abortion rights activists believe that a bortion is a choice and important right that women should be able to openly consider. Pro-choice advocates believe that having the right to choose to have an abortion should in the long run outlaw the rights of a fetus. As said earlier the Supreme Court stated that it only considers the right of the fetus when it is viable, but when exactly do you draw the line on viability? If a person was on a kidney machine, that person would no longer be viable. other example of viability would be directly at birth, you are able to stick up on your own but if left alone you will die, which eventual(prenominal)ly means that you are not viable. (Anti-Abortionist) So if the Supreme Court only considers the fetus rights when it is viable wouldnt that mean that our rights would not be considered until we were of age to survive on our own? With all this being said the question still stands whether or not abortion is considered immoral or morally right.Another question, which I think the most i mportant, is whether abortion is safe for the mother and the fetus. Steinmetz and Planned Parenthood analyze both sides and aspects of the issue. Planned Parenthood seems to think that making abortion sub judice has improved womens health in some kind of way. They stated that the availability of an abortion has helped lessen medical complications that could have resulted from pregnancy. Steinmetz argues that Planned Parenthoods figures show that many women had complications callable to aborting their babies. (Nine Reasons) On a positive note, with legalisation of abortion came the remarkable lower in abortion-related deaths. Before abortion was legalized women had to turn to back-alley butchers, illegal pregnancy-ending drugs and life-threatening self-abortion techniques. Since legalization women have had the benefit of advanced medical knowledge and equipment. Although abortion is said to be safe and the jeopardize of death has drastically decreased, there are still risks of co mplications. You also have to take into consideration which trimester the abortion is expiration to occur.The longer a person waits the, the more complication and greater the risk of death. Normally, since pregnancy is a natural process within the womans body and because the procedure is intrusive the body will experience both long-term and short-term effects. Since abortion was legalized abortion advocates has made the process look risk free instead of portraying the actual view of the issue. (Abortion) In addition to the medical complications come the psychological and physical complications. Most women that decide to have an abortion have not been properly informed of all its contingent risks and complications. The doctors do not inform the patient of the degree of pain they might experience nor do they add in the fact that there will be mental pain and complications. Severe bleeding, puncture of the uterus and cardiac arrest are only a few of the possible complications due to abortions. Along with those come the chance of never being able to have kids again and breast cancer.The Journal of the issue Cancer plant in 1994 found that women who had abortion increased their chances of getting breast cancer before the age of forty-five by fifty percent and teenagers under the age of eighteen who had an abortion after eighth week or pregnancy by eight hundred percent. (Is Abortion Safe) These are only some of the physical complications that might accompany having an abortion. As for mental complications, Post-Abortion Syndrome is cognise to occur. During PAS, which is a form of Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome, often occurs as a result to having an abortion. Women suffering PAS may experience development of ingest disorders depression and thoughts of suicide and alcohol and drug abuse to only comprise a few. (Safe Haven) In my opinion the mental effects could have a much greater effect on you than the physical ones.Last but not least I would like to dis cuss the issue of a wanted child. Many people justify having an abortion by saying that they arent able to take care of the child or simply just dont want to take that kind responsibility. My enigma with that would be that they took the risk of not having safe sex and knowing the consequences. This issue posed the problem of an unwanted child. Adoption advocates have go on to argue that an unwanted child is a justifiable reason for abortion, when in all actuality no child is unwanted there are just unwanting parents. Some simply believe that it is wrong to bring an unwanted child into the world because they are more susceptible abuse and neglect. They argue that having an abortion eliminates the risk retaliation by kids on others due to the abusive childhood. The ultimate alternative to abortion would be adoption. There are many families that are unable to have kids that would love to have the child that a mother wants to abort. Participants in the abortion process go by means of numerous screenings and dribble a lot of money to achieve their dream of having a child.No matter what side you choose to be on, the fact still rest that the ultimate goal is to promote a healthier life whether it be for the fetus or the mother. Both sides condition that life is supposed to be preserved and that it is a process. In addition to these common points some others have to be considered. Senator Clinton pointed out that whether not you are for or against abortion we should all agree that every child should be wanted. (CNS News) We all should also agree that the woman has the right to know the risks and procedure. There is no real dissolvent for this issue because we cannot say that doing one thing specifically could fix the problem.Whether it is legal or illegal there is still a chance that women would turn to abortions. Abortions are said to protect women rights but there could be laws passed to both protect women rights and lessen the morality issue of abortion. Anti-Abortionists believe that the fetus is a person from conception the only way this could be proved is through thorough research. Both sides of the issue propose sufficient arguments but the question is, is either right or wrong. Abortion will always be a highly controversial topic and it will be challenging to determine just one solution.Reference List1.Cozic, Charles, and Stacey Tipp. Abortion debate View Points.San Diego Greenhaven Inc, 1991.2.Is Abortion Safe Alternative to Abortion. Abortion Medical Rights. National Right to Life. 8 botch 2007 .3.Steinmetz, Israel , and Planned Parenthood. Nine Reasons Abortion Should Be Illegal. (1998) 3-4. 6.4.Jones, Susan. Senator Hillary Clinton Seeks Common Ground on Abortion. (2005) 1.5.Abortion. Health Scout. 2001. Health Central Network. 8 Mar 2007 .6.Abortion The anti-abortionists arguments. Abortion Arguments Pro and Con. 8 Mar 2007 .

Essay on We The Animals

Moreover, the homophobia in the companionship introduces conflict within the family and leads the cashier to lose his individualism and become modified into an individual that society approves of. He holds society prudent for the disintegration of this family. The story is told by a storyteller whose name we never find adjust. Tortes does this in stage to emotionally detach the readers from the character and instead, take away their focus towards the larger message that the story conveys.Tortes uses narrative and structure in the chapter, The darkness I am Made, in gear up to emphasize the chaffer and isolation felt by the fabricator because of society expectations of him. The chapter, The Night I am Made, is integral to the plat of the book because it deals with the authentic problem in the cashiers life. Until this point, the readers be given the sense that the family loves each other and entrust go to the ends of the Earth for each other. By the end of the chapte r, the family is torn aside, leaving the readers to reprove society for the way it influences relationships.Tortes starts the chapter talking about the boys growing up. He Uses They in this chapter, as opposed to the We that was apply in the revises chapters. This change is pronoun use signals the origination of the isolation felt by the bank clerk. The narrator goes on to describe his brothers and how swing they find and will become. He is directly talking to his Pas and expresses his disapproval at the way that his brothers be turning out. The narrator is different from his brothers since he working hard at school and is non rough alike(p) them.On foliate 104, he relates to the Puerco Ri houses as having language. Tortes proposes the c erstpt of inherited language as organism similar to inherited individuation. The brothers behave the way that the father goes they react with military unit and non words. The Puerco Ricans had language because it was passed down fro m their ancestors, like the violence and the physical misdirect was passed down from Pas to his boys. However, the narrator does not seem to be unitary and only(a) of recipients of this deliver and in that locationfore, he whole steps further isolated.The following quote solidifies this idea of isolation and the line of merchandise that the narrator feels when compared to his brothers. And me now. Look at me. See me there with them, in the black eye both inside and outside their understanding. See how I made them uneasy. They smelled my preference -? my sharp, sad, pansy scent. They trustd I would know a world larger than their own. They detest me for my good grades, for my sporting ways. The above quote refers to the narrator as having white ways and therefore, not being Puerco Rican enough.By the means of this paragraph, Tortes sets the narrator a deduct from his family and forces him to feel different. Tortes intentionally does not introduce or describe any charact ers obscure from the five family members, because at the end of the book, when the narrator becomes isolated from his family, the readers are leftfield with a sense that he rule does not have any peerless in his life to love him and take care of him. Also, the terminal curtain line of the chapter refers to their last night together, signifying that a big change sites to come.The rest of the chapter is divided into small sub- chapters, namely Midnight, Late Night, Deep Night and Dawn. In Midnight, the readers see the start time there is real conflict that divides the brothers. Tortes switches among using We and They to sharpen that the narrator is struggling between maintaining his identity as part of his family and creating one for himself. The narrator turns on his brothers, verbally abusing them. Up until this point in the story, he is the brother that is least carmine by screaming at his brothers, he is using their means to separate himself.Tortes intentionally sticks h im hot scarce not in a physical manner, which means that his brothers can still flood out him. The following quote indicates the real violence that the narrator had kept secret passim the years. l kept a ledger in it, modify insults against all of them, my folks, my brothers. I turned impertinent eyes to them, a impudently caustic gaze. These words by the narrator infirm his untrained nature and are a testament to his upbringing. He is just as violent as his brothers, nevertheless only in a different way.This dispute is what makes him isolated from them. In this way, he is the same brother that grew up with the family but his sexual desires succeed in ostracize him from them. On page 1 10, the narrator describes the way his brothers held him when they were trying to beat him up. The scene is written as though it was brotherly and loving. They didnt want to let me go. They were holding him in army to hurt him but the narrators desire to feel like he was part of the E mily causes him to view this scene as one that speaks about brotherly love.The narrator had previously claimed that his brothers would bleed for him Tortes is now proving him wrong by turning them on him. Tortes ends Midnight by saying that there was no other boy like the narrator, solidifying his isolation from his brothers as well as the loneliness he feels. The next chapter, Late Night, describes one of the sexual detects that the narrator has. Tortes does not prolong whether this happened within the plot or is one of the sexual fantasies from the narrators journal.Either way, the sexual elations that the boy has with the bus driver bring him immense pleasure and result in his sexual a excitening. The cold gathered in the tips of those fingers, so every. Veer he touched me was a dull stab of This quote suggests that the bus driver was helping him understand his own sexual nature. While this was surprising to him, it helped to make sense Of his sexual desires. The quote My brot hers will lose themselves tonight theyll look for me in the whiteness theyll drown shows that he is alone, which does not happen throughout the book.Tortes of all time portrays the narrator as being tit his brothers or his family but this time, he is alone and learning about himself. By stating this, the narrator once again distinguishes himself from his brothers because he has gone to a place that they cannot access. Per newsally, I believe that this scene is part of the narrators journal because it is where he can be accredited to his identity and not worry about his brothers showing up. Instead, he is easygoing exposing himself to a stranger in the hopes of learning much about himself. The chapter closes with the narrator yelling that the bus driver made him.By the use of this line, Tortes suggests that the sexual encounter influenced the way that the narrator created an identity for himself. The following chapter, Deep Night, sees the narrators family finding the journal th at contains explicit sexual fantasies and sharp insults against his own parents. The story in this section begins with the following quote. Everything easy between me and my brothers and my mother and my father was lost. This quote suggests that a homophobic society has resulted in his family looking at him in a different light.He is no longer their son or brother, and the simple functionality of the family high-power is now lost to him. Even as the narrator knew that everything was falling apart because his parents and brothers had read his journal, he looks at his mother and says Ill kill you. Tortes intentionally highlights the violent nature of the narrator in parade to emphasize that he is conflicted between loving and hating his family for what they are putting him through. Since the violence is what holds then together, the narrator attempts one last time to find common ground between them by acting out.His father wants to reciprocate but his brothers pull him down and ther eby, single out him from their familial unit. Smeow, at the same time, that they were keeping him back, they were resisting him. The narrators family, in this case, not only exhibits non-violent behavior but also act as support systems to help each other get through this situation. The fact the Tortes places the narrator outside of this family and without any support makes his isolation more explicit. Towards the end of the chapter, the narrator becomes an animal in order to try and connect with his family.He resorts back to violence, which was a constant throughout his entire childhood. However, as he becomes more and more violent, the parents and rooters retreat into their love for the narrator. They oppose the approach that the narrator was taking, which means the narrator is left alone and without any means by which he can communicate with his family. On page 1 17, the narrator says the journal dexterity have been a way of coming-out for him, so that he could be raise and he could stop privateness. The only way that this would happen would be if everything was out in the open.This did not work in favor of the narrators wishes and only finish up creating conflict between the narrator and his family members. The narrative in this chapter ascribes the infirmary the boy will be sent to with words such as neutered, which refers to the sexless identity that the society and his family want him to have. Also, Tortes uses the phrase still impetuous a youth glow in order to highlight the fact that the narrator is a young boy who has a lot more to earn in life and yet, the homophobia in the society makes it so that the will cast off the rest of his days in the hospital.The final section, Dawn, narrates the preparation for the narrator to go to the hospital in third person. The narrator is no longer talking, and therefore, Tortes is suggesting that his sparkler is subdued this is similar to the way in which is identity is being check by his family. Also, To rtes refers to the characters as a father, his son etc. He does this in order to show that society has reduced these characters and their strong, familial bonds to a generic relationship. They no longer have any history or uniqueness attached to their relationships.Instead, they are represented as a regular, loving family. By hiding their violence and past, Tortes creates a new, reductive identity for the family. While the father gives his son (the narrator) a bath, he pretends like it is a outing task. Tortes does this in order to show the readers that the father is forced to pretend to be normal and ingenious because it is what society expects Of him. He is not allowed to show his real emotions in the wake Of his son coming out. The father unscrews a bulb in the bathroom, claiming that it has always been too bright in there.Tortes is suggesting that the father would prefer to do this in darkness, therefore, not being able to see his son properly. Also, this shows that the father is intense on hiding away in the darkness and doesnt want to cover his son. This isolates the boy and rates conflict in their relationship. As the father gives his son a bath against his will, he says, Yeah, you got rights. What you dont got is power. This serves as analogy for the great society having power over the individual even though they have rights to be themselves.Tortes is suggesting that in this case, the society is winning the battle against the individual because of homophobia. In addition to this, the act of giving a bath renders the narrator raw and vulnerable. The father is giving his son a bath and exposing his weakest spots. Later, he goes on to dress the boy and thereby, essentially retreating a new identity for the narrator. This new identity fulfills social expectations and re-creates the sense of self that the individual has. By make clean and dressing the boy, the father ensures that all the natural elements about the narrators personality are removed.The bath can be seen as a form of cleansing, where the remotion of dirt equals removal of character. Later on, the clipping of toenails can also be seen as the removal of unwanted parts. On page 121 , the father looks at the boy as if he was looking at a mysterious cut or a too-bright morning. These are two sore images that will most likely cake one squint and therefore, miss the actual sight. In this case, Tortes includes these images within the narrative to emphasize that the homophobic society clouds the fathers lot so that he can no longer fully treasure his son.The following quote describes the Isolation felt by the narrator when he hears his mother refer to his brothers as the boys, excluding him from the pack. Howe quickly and fully the son in the tub is excluded from that designation how badly the boy wishes to be out there with his brothers doing as he is told. The quote states that the narrator wants to return a more useful time when it was possible to run around with his b rothers and be referred to by his mother as normal. This loss of family isolates the narrator and creates conflict within him.The closing scene is of the brothers swiveling snow. Snow is a natural occurrence that is controlled by kind-hearted beings by activities such as swiveling. In the course of the narrative, the brothers, along with their parents, are attempting to control and remove what is natural about the narrator. Therefore, the swiveling represents manipulating the natural in order to overcome it and is directly related to what the family is owing to change the narrators identity. They are doing this to the cessation that they are preparing for his stay at the psych ward.Also, the fact that the brothers are swiveling snow trance the narrator is inside is indicative of his isolation from the rest of the family, especially his brothers. The titles of the sub-chapters refer to times during the night, and the last one refers to dawn. Since nighttime is associated with dark ness and hiding, Tortes uses Midnight, Late Night and Deep Night in order to describe the narrators true violent and sexual nature. These sub-chapters deal with the reality of the narrators situation.Tortes makes it so that the last sub-chapter, Dawn, involves the process of eliminating the identity of the narrator in order to create a new one for him, one that is more socially acceptable. Since Dawn refers to the time of day when daylight is starting to peek in, Tortes is suggesting that the work of the society is almost done because it was boffo is re-constructing a new self for the narrator. This is the self that will be used to go outside in the light and not be conceal away. At the heart of this novel is a story about a title boy growing up and unsuccessfully attempting to find his place in the world.This ensures that the mainstream, heterosexual audience is able to relate to the story as well. As for the LIGHT community, the novel portrays different ways in which the societ y can affect the individual and their families. It also acknowledges the loss of identity for a LIGHT person due to the pressure vitrifying to be someone else. The overarching message is that growing up is a hard thing to do. The society which envelops this plot line is extremely homophobic and has caused the family to look at the narrator in a efferent light.

Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated Essay

Historically Australian art is often policy-makingly or phantasmally motivated. This statement is prove by a number of autochthonous Australian artists including, Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who implements traditional techniques and motives to pass along her church property, and Tony Albert, who recontextualises mainstream items, to create a post mod collection, challenging the idea of stereotypical foundations in mainstream culture. All spiritual beliefs in Aboriginal culture relate underpin to the idea of creation and dreaming.The dreaming is the ongoing cultural and spiritual growth that informs identity and knowledge, which is expressed through traditional natal art. This reflects a spiritual connection to the land, which is typifyed by signs and symbols as well as other(a) various techniques, which are unique to traditional indigenous art. Signs and symbols can represent a cross(prenominal) location, object or landmark, or a cross story or totem that would be specif ic to a particular tribe, corroboree or dreamtime story.In traditional indigenous artworks, there is no perspective or fixed vanishing points for landscape artworks because indigenous Australians do not see their surroundings as a landscape, but their particular world and universe. They create a concept of place by using signs and symbols to create a map-like artwork, which represents their particular world and universe. Essentially, traditional indigenous Australian artists are painting their spirituality, by expressing their connection to the land through signs, symbols and their world.Nellie Nakamarra Marks is a traditional indigenous artist, from the east of Kintore in the Northern Territory. In her work Kalipinypa, there is no set pattern and everything is connected which suggests her spiritualty and connection with the land. Her use of the traditional form of dot painting for her particular area of the Central depopulate Region hold still fors her world as she sees it, and how she heard about it through stories.In the middle of the right hand side there is lack of colour, which could make up a particular place that has particular spiritual significance. The dark shapes withal look like leaves, which could represent the end of season and the coming of autumn, which is back up by the deep, vibrant colours in the painting. The colours also represent her region and place in Australia. The many divergent varieties of the same shapes could symbolise diversity within their own tribe, as well as the different shapes and movements of the land.The purpose of this artwork is to educate and pass on a particular story to younger generations. Postmodern art challenges mainstream ideas, which usually creates a political or social statement about modern society. Contemporary indigenous art in particular would be classified as postmodern because the artists are communicating their feelings and thoughts about certain aspects of society in modern Australia, which in turn, challenges some pre conceived notions about indigenous Australians in todays society.These particular works by Tony Albert are postmodern, because he recontextualises items from recent history, that were employ to create an phantasmagoric connection between White Australia and indigenous Australia in the 50s and 60s, to challenge history, both politically and socially. Tony Alberts collection recycles kitsch black velvet-textured paintings produced in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s. These velvet paintings were very popular in the last fifty years as home decorations, and like many objects from this period, they were characterized by their depictions of Aboriginal people as simple folk.These ornaments enabled white Australians of the time to have a distant and unrealistic connection to indigenous people. Albert recontextualises these paintings by introducing stenciled slogans to the paintings to create a complex and classifiable character. He uses the languages of politi cs and pop culture to reconnect the artworks with modern Australia and therefore reality. These slogans get the faces of the aboriginals, transferring them from helpless and cute, to bold and complex, which asserts a modern identity and sense of self.This makes the characters much personal, which then creates a connection between the viewer and the subject that is mimicked throughout the collection. The slogans are derived from pop songs, nursery rhymes, advertising, political speeches and life stories, which has launched these velvet paintings into a new identity, which enables the viewer to connect with the characters beyond a stereotyped context.The generic wine and common velvet paintings have become empowered and personalized, asserting a new sense of self, which makes this collection truly compelling. This collection by Tony Albert, addresses the depicted object of stereotypical representations of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. He challenges this present and historic put under of cultural alienation and displacement experienced by Indigenous Australians by appropriating slogans and recontextualising them to create a sense of lost identity and estrangement.Through the use of many different mediums, Aboriginal artists are motivated by their spirituality or political standpoint to produce art. This is shown by Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who is motivated by her connection to the land and her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who was trying to communicate the stereotypical views of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. Kalipinypa NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm Kalipinypa NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm.