Celta assignment 1 focus on the learner Essay

Part 1: Background a) There was a reasonably wide range of ability in this intermediate level group, although the majority of students were able to form coherent sentences. Some students were more confident in answering questions aloud, while some needed to use their dictionaries regularly during lessons, and were less assured with speaking in front of the class. The age ranged anywhere between mid-20’s and late 50’s. The most common interests of the group were listening to music and watching TV. Three students listed some kind of sport (such as football or swimming) as their main hobbies, while two students put reading as their main interest. Other hobbies included cooking, going to the theatre and travelling. Most students have been learning English for somewhere between 1 year and 2 years. The most inexperienced student said she’d only been learning for 2 months, whereas the most experienced had been learning for nearly 3 years. There was a very wide range of cultural backgrounds. About half the students were from somewhere in Asia such as Iraq, South Korea and Afghanistan. There were also many students from Europe, and some from South America and Africa. While their reasons for learning English varied from student to student, the most common reasons included wanting to further their careers and being able to interact with other people more comfortably. In the questionnaire handed to the students, the most commonly preferred activity was speaking, either in groups or pairs. This was probably inherent to the fact that the vast majority of students wanted to achieve a general increase in their conversational ability in English. No students listed writing as a preferred activity, and upon further conversation with students it seems that reading and writing are seen as a means of achieving better speaking and listening. With regards to learning styles, it seems that visual learning activities initiated the best response, with things like photos and pictures inducing the most class participation. However, there were also some students who preferred either listening or kinesthetic activities. b) The group’s communicative ability was generally OK, and almost all the students had the ability to get their point across. However, there were often mistakes in spoken sentences, the most common of which being the omission of auxiliary verbs and the confusion of tenses. With respect to dealing with not understanding, some of the more confident students would ask the teacher about certain words or concepts, whilst others had a tendency to look up words in their dictionary or ask their neighbour. c) Arsen has quite strong receptive skills. This was clear from the outset, as he was able to respond to most concept checking questions well. On a listening exercise on the subject of family relations, he was able to distinguish that a character had previously lived upstairs, but now he lives with his aunt and uncle. This was a question that many other students tripped up on due to not understanding the context of the past tense. In addition, Arsen handled a reading exercise well. Upon being given time to read a body of text concerning how English people spend their time at work, he was able to correctly answer questions on how much of this is actually spent working, so this indicates good general comprehension. Conversely, Avtar has relatively poor listening skills. He often confuses words and misunderstands instructions, which as a result leads to sometimes trying to carry out tasks in an incorrect way. This was evident in one exercise where the teacher asked him where the past participle was in the sentence. This induced a flurry of (incorrect) responses including ‘window’ and ‘steam train.’ His reading is also quite poor; one example of this was during a comprehension task where students had a list of statements and they had to simply tick which ones were true for them, but he instead began by underlining various words in the statements. Avtar would therefore benefit from being asked plenty of concept and instruction checking questions to clarify his understanding, and this might make his frequent contributions to the lesson more relevant. Part 2: Strengths and Weaknesses a) He met her while he was working in a bar. (Grammar) The majority of British people read a newspaper regularly. (Vocabulary) He used to live in Australia. (Pronunciation) b) 1) The student (Avtar) said â€Å"Do you read a good book at the moment?† (Grammar) This is incorrect because he used the present simple form instead of the continuous form, so it should be â€Å"are you reading a good book at the moment?† This mistake was probably made because the student assumed that since he was referring to the present tense, the verb was of the present simple form. However, this is incorrect as in this context, the act of reading is a continuous action. 2) The student (Agneska) wrote that â€Å"At least twice a week is different to two times a week or more† (Vocab) This is incorrect because these phrases are actually identical in meaning. The misunderstanding here has come from not realizing that â€Å"at least† in this context means â€Å"a minimum of†. 3) The student (Marwha) said â€Å"The average men does†¦.† (Pronounciation) Marwha meant to say â€Å"the average man† but pronounced, â€Å"man† with a /e/ sound rather than a /à ¦/ sound. Part 3: Helping the learner 1. For Avtar, the problem lies in identifying which tense and verb form to use. For this reason, I would suggest that he completes a ‘missing words’ type task, where he must choose the correct form of a verb in the context of a short body of text. The exercise could also have the base infinitive form of the required verb next to the empty space so that students are clear which verb to apply. This type of exercise could really benefit Avtar, especially since he sometimes confuses instructions, and in this task the process is very clear. (See next page for example of task.) 2. Agneska has been confused due to the fact that there are so many ways to compare things in English. She needs practice using comparatives, so I have designed a short task (see back page) where she must match up phrases that mean the same in English. This task might be particularly suitable for Agneska due to the fact that she said she was learning English to further her career and make her more employable, and having a range of comparatives and being able to use them correctly is common practice in any kind of office job.

Hartmann’s Ego Development and Adaptation Essay

Heinz Hartmann’s Ego Development and Adaptation was a more comprehensive development of Sigmund Freud’s theory of Psychoanalysis. In the theory Freud divided the human mind into the id, ego and superego with each part having a specific function. The id was the internal instinctive drive for satisfaction of basic human needs and desires. The ego developed in a person to counter the id and its basic drive. The ego in some quarters is known as pride since it separated man from animal by controlling unbridled instinctive behavior. The superego constituted the conscience of the person and helped to balance the id and the ego, allowing either to operate only as necessary to satisfy basic human desires while maintaining the dignity of the individual (Hartmann, 1958). This paper is a summary of Hartmann’s theory on Ego Development and Adaptation. Ego Development and Adaptation Like Freud, Hartmann believed that the ego developed as a result of human interaction with the environment. This environment provided external stimuli such as rebuke by parents and mistakes such as falling down a slippery floor that shaped the way a person interacted with his environment after the experience (Hartmann, 1958). However, he went further to assiduously study ego functions hence coming up with a general psychology and a clinical instrument to evaluate the functioning of an individual and formulate therapeutic interventions. He believed that the ego was not formed just by external influences but also has innate capacities such as perception, attention, memory, concentration, motor coordination, and language. Under what he termed an average expectable environment these capacities developed independently of libidinal and aggressive drives; consequently they were not products of frustration and conflict (Hartmann, 1958). Nevertheless, he agreed that the human condition was inextricably embroiled in conflict thus some of the functions were shaped and conditioned by such conflicts. Aggressive and libidinal drives therefore helped shape these functions in the face of the conflicts (Hartmann, 1958). Conclusion So according to Hartmann the duty of the psychoanalyst is to neutralize the impulses shaped by conflict so as to expand conflict free functions. Only in this way can the psychoanalyst help facilitate the proper adaptation of the individual to his environment (Hartmann, 1958).

To identify and analysis the financing problem within small and medium Dissertation

To identify and analysis the financing problem within small and medium enterprise in the UK, and with the solutions of it - Dissertation Example Alternatively, Harper (1988, p.17) also observed that once small businesses have expanded and grown enormously into mega businesses over the time span of last twenty years and it has also eradicated the hindrance of traditional obstacles in way of the businesses and turning it into a significant contribution to employment power and economical development. The boom of SMEs have integrated the vital portions of businesses sectors and have not only flourish different businesses at national level but have also contributed to highly skilled labor and creative ideas regardless of its business operations or services it caters. To grow and nourish any business, there has to be sufficient funds available for its going concern status and its stability to adhere economical turndowns especially any inflated market. According to Hussain and Matlay (2007, 1-5), a significant number of small firms and businesses milk their financial needs by family and friends loans, personal savings and belongings despite of structure and size, number of employees or the nature of business activity. This has also regarded as a safe and easy source of finance to cater the first building block of any business. The another striking feature identified by Mason and Harrison (2000, pp. 221-239), was the reliance of stable and potential growth fostering SMEs to fund their operations and businesses through medium or long term finances by financial loans, convertible bonds from bank, microfinance intermediaries, venture capitalist or angle financing etc. Manigart and Sapienza (2000, pp. 240-258) also highlighted that when the cost associated with the going concern status of the firm increased to significant heights to mark the survival of the businesses that the funding of the financial resources become a hardcore factor and is solely dependent on external finances or retained earnings of the business’s profits. The SMEs market in UK has flourished over decades and has an immense contribution to wealth maximization, employment turnover, and businesses transforming into mega giants with development of different sectors of businesses as a cash cow or moneymaker to the economy. Storey (1994), depicted that innovation and creativity, re engineering of the infrastructure and business operations in the SMEs have outward the economic turndown with stable growth and employment opportunities in public and private sector of UK economy. Poutziouris (2003, pp.185-214) found out that SMEs foreign and national level operations and trade have matured the economic market and have urged the government to intervene in the public sector SMEs specifically and foster their policies and interest to cater the important role of economic development. The results can be devastating noted by Deakins et al., (2000) that the government policies and agenda could not fulfill the demands and development opportunities for the SMEs in long run. It could further result in an adverse impact on the economic and social sectors as well as the competitive advantage of the country enjoyed over the number of years. Chami (2001) noted that adverse behavior in market for insufficient sources of finance for the SMEs have an interrelationship within different factors for not only the availability of the capital but also it is affected by the traditional trade practices, international business ventures and the significant contribution of e- businesses

Role of Public Administration in American Politics Assignment

Role of Public Administration in American Politics - Assignment Example This paper tells that the idea of New Freedom was finally dropped by Wilson once he was elected but it attracted and helped local businessman and was in their benefit. Wilson's New Freedom policy had a huge impact on how Public Administration was managed as it gave the small and private businesses a better chance to groom and improve by breaking up monopolies (Rouse & Berkley, 2003).  The New Deal was the caption that President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a series of promises and programs he had started from 1933 up till 1938 with the sole objective of giving reform, relief, and recovery to the economy and people of the United States when the United States was facing the Great Depression (Rouse & Berkley, 2003). It all started by initiating emergency relief programs, banking reform laws, agricultural programs, and work relief programs as part of the total reforms towards a better economy. After this, another New Deal was to be formulated this one incorporated migrant worker's pro grams, the Social Security Act, programs to aid tenant farmers, and union protection programs. Hence, the first New Deal targeted short term programs for all the groups and norms in the society, meanwhile the second New Deal was a more thorough effort of taking power away from big business and shifting it towards consumers, coal workers, and farmers (Cook, 1996). Though the New Deal was unable to end the Great Depression it benefited the local society and the labor force in many ways, therefore, its importance for the betterment and development of Public Administration cannot be ignored. The Great Society was basically a set of programs proposed in the United States domestically on the idea of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main objectives of the Great Society social reforms were the removal of racial injustice and poverty. Some major programs apart from these objectives that were launched by the Great Society were Education, Health, Transportation, Consumer Protection, Environmen t, and Arts and Cultural Institutions. Some of the programs launched at that time still exist in the United States. A number of observers have distinguished the fact for many Great Society programs, chiefly the poverty initiatives, became complex beginning in 1968, primarily owing to the Vietnam War and Johnson's aspiration to continue an unprejudiced budget but some continued up till now (Cook, 1996). These programs have a significant contribution to the betterment of public administration as most were designed to benefit the people living in the United States and portray the true essence of Democracy.   The Reagan Revolution, as Ronald Reagan's presidency was known, had the major objective to give a boost to American morale, and minimize the people's dependence upon government. As both a President and a Politician, Reagan depicted himself as being a conventional, anti-communist, in favor of reduced taxes, in favor of a less significant government except the army, and favored rem oving policies on corporations and organizations (Rouse & Berkley, 2003). Reagan supported high amounts of spending on the country's defense and peacekeeping. He also helped the United States put an end to the ever-rising inflation that affected the country's economy severely under the earlier leaders Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, minimizing tax rates by a huge margin.

Summary of the vice president debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of the vice president debate - Essay Example He specifically mentioned about the killing of US ambassador in Libya. However, it was Bidden who assertively maneuvered the debate from one issue to another and also started a debate on foreign policy. During the debate it was quite clear that Bidden, due to his experience in Politics, was more mature and assertive in debating on certain issues. Though on economic issues, Ryan was able to highlight some of the weaknesses of the government however, he was clearly not been able to put in a full-fledged attack on Bidden regarding the overall economic performance of Obama regime. Bidden’s arguments for doing much more for the Middle Class of America, tax policies, Medicare and other issues have actually not allowed Ryan to plan a full-fledged attack on the overall policies of Obama government. Ryan also did not seem to be prepared much on the issues of taxes and was pressured by Bidden to go into details which he unfortunately was not able to and thus was clearly lacking a well thought out debate plan. Bidden was also specific about the issues on the Military and presented facts and figures which Ryan was not able to provide for. Bidden’s ability to actually dominate the debate and suggestion of increasing the military budget was something for which Ryan looked less prepared. Debate also touched upon the issue of Middle East and Bidden was able to put forward the arguments of having better relationships with Israel. Ryan actually attempted to suggest that relationships between Israel and US were deteriorating however, Bidden was convincing enough to actually highlight that the relationships between two countries have actually improved over the period of time. Bidden was also able to defend Afghan Issue and defended the policy of leaving Afghanistan and handing it over to Afghans with support from US. Ryan was however not been able to fully justify the

Business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business report - Essay Example The company itself will be analysed with the way they conduct their services under the operation strategy and the basis of their service delivery. When it comes to the delivery of the equipments also the Olympic panels will be looking at the environmental impact of the company providing the logistics. TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 Introduction The main purpose of this plan is to look at the specific operational management issues that Olympics had. Furthermore the operational management issues will be analyzed and so will the solutions that UPS provided during the solving of the said issues. UPS being one of the global logistics service providers will also be discussed. In addition the strategy that UPS uses when it comes to logistics especially during the Olympics are of core importance to this paper and the plan the UPS had for Olympics to help sort out the operational management issues. ... This is done in order to look at some of the aspects individually and thus it will be easier to understand the concepts individually thereafter the concept will be linked to the topic in question and this will enhance the analysis being easy and simple. This will mostly be tackled in the first question and after that the next perspective which is UPS will be looked at as a whole then linked with its activities during the Olympics. The theories and arguments will be supported by evidence from books both physical and e-books where possible in cases where the sources need to be quoted. The paragraphs will be split in order to talk about each idea individually for simplicity and clarity. 2.0 Operational Management Operational Management is a major component of management that is mostly concentrates on overseeing, designing and also controlling the procedure when it comes to production and also the scheming and redesigning business processes in the productions of goods and services. Opera tional management involves mostly the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of utilizing few resources that are needed and maximizing effectiveness in relation to attaining the customer requirements. Operational management will also be referred in the same breath as its involvement with managing the steps that will adapt to the inputs like labor and materials and match them with the output in the sense of goods or service. Operational management can also be referred to as Operation strategy. According to Jones and Robinson (2012), operation strategy is usually a plan for managing operations over the long term basis in order to achieve business goals and thus achieve competitive advantage. Their definition

How to Achieve New Heights for Industrial Jones Essay

How to Achieve New Heights for Industrial Jones - Essay Example The resources of the organization such as the land and the finance arranged through the overdraft facility can be utilized only through careful budgeting. The targets set in the budget will guide the business operations and help in overcoming problems and analyzing the future. The budget shown here will be very useful for coordination of the various activities such as the production, sales and purchases. The sales budget shown here is the guidance for formulating departmental plans. Estimates have to be done for departmental requirements to achieve the targets. After the budgets for the various activities are formulated and agreed upon , the amounts specified in the budget become the desirable limits of spending. The materials usage, labour utilized, purchases made and the overheads realized will all have to be done with the budgeted figures as the basis. After the budgeted period, the actual expenditures and the budgeted figures will be compared. This comparison will be the basis for judging the performances and fixing the responsibility for deviations. Hence, to make this budget a success the organization has to ensure that the objectives and policies are designed properly. What is going to be the Vision, long term objectives and short term goals of the organization has to be decided. Based on these objectives and goals the policies for the general operations have to be formulated. The budgeted estimates have to communicated to the other members of the organization so that if there is any changes or modifications to be made, the suggestions are incorporated. The other members of the organizations have to acknowledge that the budget is the authority/ target for the activities concerned. For example the usage of labor for the production should be within the limits specified in the budget and likewise for other activities. When an employee has to decide on an issue which in voles flow of money then the budget will be the main guide for his decisions. The employees should understand clearly the importance of the budget in the development of the organization and their job evaluation.

Financial Accounting Analysis term projuct Paper

Financial Accounting Analysis projuct - Term Paper Example The findings are presented in a tabular format supported by comprehensive discussion of results. The horizontal analysis of Balance Sheet does not show any worrying trends or majorly fluctuating balances from 2011 to 2012. Inventories remain at the same level and while there is 12.84% increase in Property and Equipment it is offset by the 16.78% decrease in the Cash and Cash equivalents. Other large changes include an increase in Goodwill, decrease in Long term loan which is offset by an increase in the current portion of the Long term loan. The horizontal analysis of the balance sheet is set out below: The horizontal analysis of the Income Statement also does not show any worrying trends from 2011 to 2012. The Sales have increased by 1.8% but that is due to a corresponding increase in the Cost of Sales which has increased by 2.14%. The net earnings have increased by 3.3%, this is due to the fact that other income has increased and the financial costs have decreased during the period. The horizontal analysis of the income statement is set out below: The vertical analysis of the income statement for the years 2011 and 2012 set out below shows all balances as a percentage of sales. As illustrated the cost of sales and other expenses have both increased as a percentage of sales, even though minutely. This is worrying because ordinarily the cost of sale should be kept in line with sales. Conversely the net income is 2.09% of sales in 2012 and 2.03% in 2011. There is a slight increase, which all in all is a positive sign for the entity (Rajasekaran, 2011). Looking at the trends in the past five years’ financial statements of the company, it can be seen that the net sales have been increasing steadily for the past four years. The increase in sales for this year has been less than those compared to previous years, 1.6% from over 3%. The cost of

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided Essay

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided - Essay Example This chapter describes the origin of the world as illustrated in the Bible in the book of Genesis. The book 16 monitors the development of these cities from the time of Noah, to the time of Abraham. In later stages of this chapter, the progress of the heavenly city from Abraham to Israel’s kings is illustrated. In book 18, Augustine explains the distinct and separate nature of the heavenly city and the earthly city; as from Abraham’s times to the world’s end. The book also describes the actions of Jesus Christ, and the sacred prophets who existed immediately after Rome’s foundation; like Hosea, Isaiah, Amos and Micah. Book 19 describes the end of the earthly city and the heavenly city. Augustine studies the philosophers’ opinions on the supreme good, and the vain efforts they try to make for happiness in life. Augustine also illustrates the happiness and peace that is found in the heavenly city. Augustine illustrates in the City of God the Christianity’s interaction with other different religions and philosophies; and also the relationship of Christianity with the Roman government. Augustine consoled the Christians in the Roman Empire that the City of God is the most superior, and will eventually

Financial Decision Taking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Financial Decision Taking - Essay Example The TMO is also a service-oriented firm with limited resources, such that a well-taken financial decision is critical to its organizational integrity. This essay is structured such that the succeeding sections consist of an assessment, a lineup of conceptual models, a critical evaluation and a conclusion. In the assessment section, the essay discusses the importance of financial planning in the context of TMO's organizational structure and strategic goals. The conceptual models review the available literature on the subject, while the critical evaluation attempts to relate the academic models so mentioned to the real world, meaning the TMO. As part of the conclusion, we will appraise the financial decisions and strategies most suitable for the TMO based on all the preceding data. The TMO administers a London borough consisting of 238 homes of individual designs on eight blocks of a small housing project alongside a main road. This is one of the oldest of similar setups in London, where the blocks of houses had been there as far back as 1947 such that they are in dire need of refurbishing and maintenance. Families of multi-racial origin occupy these housing units under either a tenancy or leasehold agreement, and the estate is easily accessible by bus and subway train services. This TMO became a self-governing body in April 2003, as did four other TMOs managing similar estates in the London area, when the local government compartmentalized its function of providing low-cost housing services to constituents. This fragmentation process came on the heels of the privatization binge involving local government assets and service, a major program of the national government since 1979. Now, the TMO runs the borough through a management committee headed by an operatio ns manager and supported by a six-man staff. The turnover of housing functions to TMO was part of the central government's cost-cutting program and strategy of getting politics out of social services, which tended to hamper activities in this area when local authorities were in control. Thus, management of the housing funds was shifted to agencies, which would be more accountable at the central level and less accountable to local political forces (Cairncross & Calpham). In ceding the function to the TMOs, however, the local authorities set the ground rules that exhort the former to utilize "creative accounting measures." These include; 1) building up a revenue balance to regular the yearly expenditures; 2) sale of suitable assets to generate income for use as capital expenditure; 3) rescheduling existing debts; 4) capitalizing the expenditure on such activities as repair and modernization previously

The Crash of American Airlines Essay Example for Free

The Crash of American Airlines Essay A good example involving with human error is the crash of the American Airlines flight 587. On 12 November 2001, at approximately 9:17 a. m. ocal time, American Airlines flight 587 crashed into the Belle Harbor area of Queens, New York, several minutes after taking off from JFK International Airport. The plane was on a scheduled flight to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. All nine crew members and 251 passengers on the aircraft were killed, including five infants. Five people on the ground were also killed. Let examine the summary of events that the NTSB determined led to the crash in order to identify the probable causes. â€Å"The A300-600, took off just minutes after the Japan Airlines Boeing 747 on the same runway, flew into the larger jets wake, an area of very turbulent air. The first officer attempted to keep the plane upright with aggressive rudder inputs. The strength of the air flowing against the moving rudder stressed the aircrafts vertical stabilizer and eventually snapped it off entirely, causing the aircraft to lose control and crash. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the enormous stress on the rudder was due to the first officers unnecessary and excessive rudder inputs, and not the wake caused by the earlier Japan Airlines 747 that had crossed that area. Airbus charges that the crash was mostly Americans fault, because the airline did not train its pilots properly about the characteristics of the rudder. Aircraft tail fins are designed to withstand full rudder deflection in one direction at maneuvering speed. They are not usually designed to withstand an abrupt shift in rudder from one direction to the other. Most American pilots believed that the tail fin could withstand any rudder movement at maneuvering speed. The NTSB indicated that American Airlines Advanced Aircraft Maneuvering Program tended to exaggerate the effects of wake turbulence on large aircraft. Therefore, pilots were being trained to react more aggressively than was necessary. † (Mysterious Crash) Since the investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board, American Airlines has modified its pilot training program. Training methods have been reviewed and changed as a result of the accident. Despite rapid gains in technology, humans are ultimately responsible for ensuring the success and safety of the aviation industry. They must continue to be knowledgeable, flexible, dedicated, and efficient while exercising good judgment.

Invictus and The Alchemist Response Essay Example for Free

Invictus and The Alchemist Response Essay The poem Invictus written by William Ernest Henley is a poem written about courage in the face of death and holding on to ones own dignity despite the indignities life places before us. In the first stanza the poems speaker prays in the dark to whatever gods may be a prayer of thanks for his unconquerable soul. Several things are apparent from the outset: First, the speaker is in some sort of metaphorical darkness, perhaps the darkness of despair. Second, he does not pray for strength, but gives thanks for the strength that he already has. Third, he seems rather flippant about who he is or is not praying to; it is almost a prayer to himself at this point, but not quite. Henley also bring this up in the second stanza where he talks about Gods will or even fate; instead he speaks of the fell clutch of circumstance and insists that he has overcome these bravely and without complaint.The third stanza is about death and what a trifle it seems to the speaker of the poem. This place of wrath and tears, this life, it seems, is not full enough of pain and horror to frighten the poems speaker. And death, the Horror of the shade, could not possibly worry him, being an end to wrath and tears. Notice here that he is not concerned in any way about an afterlife. Death is merely an end to suffering for our speaker. Nothing of any concern seems to lie beyond for him until. This poem is an inspiration to it readers depending on the way you read it. This poem like mentioned before has been written for those suffering from an incurable disease or just going thru a tough time in their life, to give that person some hope and strength. I Can relate to this poem because growing up i’ve been threw lots of illnesses it all started when i was diagnosed with Meningococcal Meningitis when i was just a baby. Than at the age of 16 i was diagnosed with Hereditary Breast Cancer. Going thru this i felt so alone and like my life hit a point of no return i lost hope and faith. I felt helpless and i also felt bad for my family making them so worried about me. Nevertheless i have not let this bring me down or think twice about anything that i set my mind to do. I have enlisted in the Marines and hoping to leave to boot camp in september. Going threw everything i’ve been threw in my life has definitely taught me that everything in life comes in threes , but at the end of the day if you fall down seven times you must get up eight , because you cant let life struggles get in the way of your Personal legend. This Poem is also related to the Alchemist. Santiago hits a point in his journey where he feel’s like he’s losing himself .The alchemist prepares to move on with Santiago to the pyramids, but Santiago complains that he doesn’t want to leave Fatima. The alchemist says Fatima understands that Santiago needs to complete his Personal Legend. at this point Santiago gets frustrated with the alchemist because he doesnt want to leave fatima behind. Another point where santiago loses faith in his journey is towards the end where He feels frustrated that the alchemist didn’t teach him anything, but the alchemist says Santiago should have learned through actions. Santiago asks him why he is an alchemist, and the alchemist explains he learned the practice from his grandfather, when alchemy was simpler. He says men complicated alchemy by writing books about it. Previously, alchemists only needed the Emerald Tablet. Santiago asks what the tablet says, and the alchemist replies that one can’t understand it through reason since it provides a passage to the Soul of the World. The alchemist encourages Santiago to immerse himself in the desert and listen to his heart so he can also gain an understanding of the Soul of the World but at the end of the book santiago continues his journey and finds his treasure than makes his way back to fatima. This relates to the poem because it talks about where a person’s life goes threw so many obstacles but at the end still overcomes those hard times.

Carrolls Pyramid Of Corporate Social Responsibility Model Accounting Essay

Carrolls Pyramid Of Corporate Social Responsibility Model Accounting Essay In the past, the common perception of a business responsibility was to maximize their firms profit. This is because businesses were perceived to always put the shareholder interests first. However, businesses are moving towards impacting the socials and environments. Several research have found that businesses now have direct responsibilities to various other stakeholders which include preventing the harm of human rights and ensuring that there are solutions available if abuses occur (Smith, Wokutch, Harrington, and Dennis, 2001). The modern view of business responsibility demands companies to help in problems relating to public welfare. As firms have no utmost responsibility for these unpleasant situations, philanthropic responsibilities are still not mandatory. However, due to a decrease of social institutions that provide help to the communities, people have higher expectations towards company and believe that they should take part in filling up the shortages (Carroll, 1979). Carroll has proposed a CSR concept, which states the organizations 4 business responsibilities (i) economic, (ii) Legal, (iii) Ethical, and (iv) Discretionary (as shown in diagram 1). These four components are complementary to each other (not mutually exclusive). Diagram 1: Carrolls Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility Model Source: Chaisurivirat, 2009. The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility: Exploring the Relationship among CSR, Attitude toward the Brand, Purchase Intention, and Persuasion Knowledge. The economic and legal responsibilities are the basic and essential element in a business. There are a few researches done to further enhance the importance of these elements (Jamali and Mirshak, 2006). Basically, economic responsibility is similar to the traditional view of a business role; which is to maximize the firms profit for their shareholders. Carroll (1979) stated that business itself is an economic unit to the society. In addition, legal responsibility is where companies are required to obey the laws and regulations set by the government or respected authorities. The conventional profit-maximizing view explored in Albert Carrs article Is Business Bluffing Ethical (Velentzas and Broni, 2010). Carr stated that making money out of a product is the businesses main role. Business is said to be like a poker game, whereby organization are to play within the set of rules of the game (Carr, 1968). Those who do not comply will not be successful in their business. The duty that they had towards employees and shareholders surpasses the other moral obligation as long as it does not go against the law (Carr, 1968). Besides that, Milton Friedmans also explained that it is essential for a firm to maximize the revenues of a shareholder by overcoming all the environmental challenges (Cheers, 2011). Similarly, Friedman (1970) reemphasize that, There is one and only one social responsibility of business is to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit so long as it stays within the rule of the game. This can be further supported by a case of Dodge v. Ford Motor Company (Cheers, 2011). The Ford founder, Henry Ford aims to provide Ford vehicle for everyone by reducing the price. The shareholders were dissatisfied and claimed that the company should not make a profit-reducing decision. Court held that firms are primarily to bring profit to the shareholders. The company should not exercise any choices which will bring disadvantage to the shareholders. However, nowadays, the perception of a business role has changed. The businesses concern should not include only the shareholders, but also other parties or entities that would be affected by the organizations action, which refers to stakeholders (Fassin, 2008). Freeman (2012) defined stakeholders as (i) people or institutions that are affected by the corporate action, practices and decisions and also (ii) those who are related to the success of the corporation. Firms are expected to transform the profit maximization mindset to trusteeships or multifiduciary stakeholders concept, whereby the business role is now to achieve balance among the stakeholders interest by avoiding doing any harm to any individuals or groups (Goodpaster and Mathews, 1982). In addition, Carroll introduced the ethical and philanthropic responsibility. Carrolls ethical aspect refers to the societys perspective of a good behavior (Carroll, 1979). Corporation must comply with the rules and regulation set while operating. Moreover, it also includes the norms or expectations which are not written in law; in other words, the moral value and rights (Carroll, 1991). Furthermore, firms are obligated to act voluntarily beyond their business scope and rational ethical acts. This is known as the philanthropic responsibility, such as organizing or participating in charity event (Carroll, 1979). Bowen (1953) mentioned that social and philanthropic responsibility would serve as a guideline for the business in the future. Nowadays, most businesses believe that they should be more social responsible towards the society and environment and hence, criticisms arises over the traditional perspective. For example, some critics disagreed that business is a game, as it is a needed component in the society. Besides that, the competitions between different businesses are involuntary, which would involve and influence many other stakeholders, such as government and local communities (Kirkpatrick, 2002). Therefore, institutions are said to be accountable to the stakeholders. They need to pay back to the society for what they have done and thus, provide reasonable explanation to the stakeholders. Accountability vs Accounting According to Blagescu, Casas, and Lloyd (2005), accountability is the processes through which an organization makes a commitment to respond to and balance the needs of stakeholders in its decision-making processes and activities, and delivers against this commitment. As mentioned before, todays corporations also have responsibilities to other stakeholders, such as the society. Therefore, corporations have the obligation to be accountable to those stakeholders (Brennan and Solomon, 2008). An accountability framework, Global Accountability Project (GAP) (as shown in diagram 2), was developed by One World Trust with a purpose of generating wider commitment to the values and principles of accountability among global organizations (Blagescu, et.al, 2005). In the case of GAR, it can be seen that they have indeed put in efforts to increase their accountability to their stakeholders, especially in relation to social and environmental aspects. Diagram 2 Global Accountability Project (GAP) Framework Source: Blagescu, Casas, and Lloyd (2005). Pathways to Accountability: The GAP Framework. According to GAP framework, there are four dimensions that are important for increasing and evaluating accountability of organizations. First is the transparency. Transparency is that stakeholder can access to credible and timely information about the organizations operations (Blagescu, et.al, 2005). To be transparent, organizations must do more than simply disclose commonly standardized information. In other words, it needs to provide more useful and needed information for the stakeholders for decision-making. Organizations should be focusing on the quality of the information disclosed, instead of the quantity (Hassan and Marston, 2010). GAR disclosed important information for their stakeholders. For example, they announce that they will partner with TFT for forest conservation while building shareholders value (Golden Agri Resources Ltd, 2011b). The second dimension is participation. It means that the organizations allow those key stakeholders to be involved in the decision-making process and activities which would influence them (Blagescu, et.al, 2005). GAR does fulfill their accountability obligation in this dimension. They have been working hard to engage with their stakeholders, such as their customer, Nestle, in order to improve the performances (Harvey, 2011). Furthermore, evaluation is another essential part of organizations accountability. It involves the evaluation and monitoring of both end results and the ongoing progress of the organizations activities (Blagescu, et.al, 2005). This dimension plays two significant roles in accountability. It reports the performances against expectations after an event in order to supply crucial information to stakeholders; it also increases accountability by learning and increasing organizational responsiveness to stakeholders (McKenna, 1983). In fact, GARs performances in relation to sustainability development are evaluated and monitored by few external independent organizations, such as Greenpeace (Harvey, 2011). Additionally, the dimension of complain and response mechanisms is for both organizations and stakeholders to seek and receive feedbacks from each other in order to increase accountability (Blagescu, et.al, 2005). For instance, GAR takes into account the responses of customers, such as Nest le (Harvey, 2011). Although the interpretations of accountability are very wide and are limited only by imagination, accountability is always found to have links with the provision and receipt of financial information in many accounting literatures (Narasimha Rao and Raghavendra, 2011). Due to the rapid climate change, undeniably, accounting and the environment are no longer mutually exclusive (Andrew, 2001). In fact, accounting had long been treated as just a technique used to provide financial information for stakeholders (Bushman and Smith, 2001). Normally, people will assume that all the accounting information is just financial. However, a modern accounting concept should also include some green issues in order to increase organizations transparency (Andrew, 2001). Besides, accounting system can also help the stakeholders in evaluating the organizational performances as it could provide them with relevant information (Perrini and Tencati, 2006). It is not surprising that accounting can actually be used to increase organizations accountability. Overall, increasing accountability is important for organizations, including GAR. GAR was required to increase their degree of accountability, especially to those external key stakeholders. This is because According to The Straits Times (2010), GAR had deforested illegally before in Indonesia. In order to meet the expectations of the stakeholders, GAR started to be committed in the conservation of forests and peatlands in Indonesia. There are two main actions taken by GAR to do so. Firstly, GAR has signed a forest-conservation agreement with TFT, a non-government organization (NGO). Also, GAR starts to disclose their social and environmental performances in annual report (Golden Agri Resources Ltd, 2011b). GAR published their inaugural sustainability report in 2011, after their illegal deforestation activity was discovered to the society (The Straits Times, 2010). All these signs indicate that GAR is bowing to the pressure from the NGOs and external stakeholders (Harvey, 2011). In fact, there are some conceptual theories which could provide an explanation for the sudden changes made by GAR. These organizational practices changes in GAR could be explained using Legitimacy Theory. This theory asserts that organizations seek to ensure that their activities and operations are perceived to be legitimate by the society and stakeholders (Deegan, 2011). Legitimate could be said as a social construct based on cultural norms for organizations behaviors (Suchman, 1995). Therefore, organizations have to be committed to the social contract between the companies and the society to gain recognition. Social contract could be roughly defined as the implicit and explicit expectations that the society has on the organizations (Deegan, 2011). In fact, failing to commit to the social contract would be perceived as not legitimate, and eventually will bring negative impacts to the companies, such as difficult to obtain resources and supports from the society to continue the operations. Thus, legitimacy is an important component for the organizations as it is considered as a precious intangible resource which organizations rely on in order to survive (ODonovan, 2002). Corporations could actually establish their legitimacy by information disclosures (Suchman, 1995). Through the disclosure of information in relation to social and environmental performance, the company would gain the societys trust. Consequently, it will be beneficial to the company in ways, such as improving companys reputation and establish competitive advantages (Porter and Kramer, 2006). As a result, GARs changes their organizational practice by starting the publication of sustainability report. Besides that, Stakeholder Theory could also be used to gain an understanding of why GAR responds to NGOs in this manner. One of the branches of Stakeholder Theory, ethical perspective, adopts a normative position; that organizations should consider the rights and interest of all the stakeholders, regardless of their powers and influences on the company (Deegan, 2011). According to Freeman and Reed (1983), stakeholders are any parties that are affected by the organizations operations. Usually, organizations would try to meet the stakeholders expectations and be accountable to them by providing and disclosing organizational information (Gray, Kouhy, and Lavers, 1995). Therefore, it is believed that this might be one of the reasons why GAR alters their organizational practice. Undeniably, bowing to the pressure from stakeholders is a good start for GAR. Committing to CSR, disclosing social and environmental performance records, and being more accountable are indeed beneficial to GAR themselves and also their stakeholders. It is also important to note that accountability and transparency are one of the essential factors in enhancing the organizations sustainability development (Global Public Policy Institute, 2005). Sustainability development is generally defined as to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Golden-Agri Resources Ltd (GAR)s Sustainability Report Currently, there is no any legal law or regulation states that organizations have to disclose their social and environmental aspects. However, voluntary disclosures would bring favorable impacts to both internal and external stakeholders. Therefore, many corporations start making voluntary disclosures, so does GAR (Cheynel, 2012). In fact, GAR published their inaugural sustainability report for a purpose of providing the stakeholders a better understanding of the companys priorities, performances, and stakeholder engagement process (Golden Agri Resources Ltd, 2011b). GARs sustainability reports standard was assessed at application level B, based on an internationally established reporting framework (shown in diagram 3) developed by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) (Golden Agri Resources Ltd, 2011c). This framework was designed to provide organizations with a set of principles for defining report content and ensuring the quality of the reported information (Global Reporting Initiativ e, 2000). Diagram 3 Global Reporting Iniative (GRI) Framework Source: Global Reporting Initiative, Sustainability Reporting Guidelines (https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/G3.1-Sustainability-Reporting-Guidelines.pdf) Diagram 4 Global Reportive Initiative (GRI) Principles for Reporting Source: Institut fur Wirtschaftsinformatik, GRI Principles (http://www.iwi.uni-hannover.de/upload/lv/sosem10/Seminar_SS_2010/SS10/Seminararbeit/torres/www/measuring2.html) According to the GRIs framework, there are 4 principles (Materiality, Stakeholder Inclusiveness, Sustainability Context, and Completeness) (shown in diagram 4) for defining the report content (Global Reporting Initiative, 2000). The materiality principle requires corporations to address the most important and concerning issues to their stakeholders. The major current concerning issue for GAR and their stakeholders is deforestation in Indonesia (Harvey, 2011). This is because GAR had cleared the forests illegally before in Indonesia, as mentioned before. In addition, this deforestation act is destroying the livelihood of the habitat there. The stakeholders, such as Indonesia government, local communities, and even those NGOs are therefore showing their concerns on this issue badly (Harvey, 2011). In GARs sustainability report, it focused on disclosing information about policies of preventing deforestation. For example, they state that they would have a no-deforestation footprint in In donesian rainforest by partnering with NGO, TFT to launch Forest Conservation Policy (FCP) (Golden Agri Resources Ltd, 2011b). Overall, it is believed that the report content is fairly material. Furthermore, GARs sustainability report does fulfill the principle of stakeholder inclusiveness. One of the main disclosures is their multi-stakeholder engagement process (Golden Agri Resources Ltd, 2011b). For examples, engaging NGOs, customers, and local communities to address the interests those stakeholders have in order to achieve their expectations and sustainability development. Moreover, the underlying question of a sustainability report is how organizations plan to contribute in the future to improve economic, environmental, and social developments at both local and global level (Global Reporting Initiative, 2000). This is related to the principle of sustainability context. The report discloses that GAR is committed to a holistic approach towards sustainability, as it is always looking at methods to increase productivity while reducing negative impacts on its land. One of its sustainability policies, Yield Improvement Policy (YIP), is focused on plantation management and land suitability (Global Reporting Initiative, 2000). This shows that GARs voluntary disclosures do meet the requirement of sustainability context. Besides that, the information GAR discloses includes all significant actions or events within the reporting period; which fulfills the principle of completeness. However, it can be seen in the report that data and statistics regarding to enviro nment and sustainability performances are insufficient. Furthermore, there is limited alignment between the sustainability report and overall business strategy. Lack of all these information could affect the completeness of the report (KPMG, 2008). Apart from the content aspect, the quality of the sustainability report is also an important element. Balance, comparability, timeliness, accuracy, and reliability are the 5 principles used to test the report quality (shown in diagram 4). GARs report does not really meet the balance principle as they mostly disclose favorable aspects of the organizations performance while there is lack of unfavorable results and topics. This could affect stakeholders assessment and decision making adversely. Besides that, the comparability principle is irrelevant to the report as this is the inaugural sustainability report for GAR. Therefore, it cannot be used by the stakeholders to compare with its past performance (Global Reporting Initiative, 2000). Other than these, the report does meet the accuracy and reliability principle. Qualitative statements in the report are valid only if it is based on the basis of other reported information and evidences (Global Reporting Initiative, 2000). GAR does pro vide other evidences and information to increase the accuracy and reliability of their reports. Overall, GARs sustainability report is believed to have met the reporting standard requirements set by GRI. Nevertheless, the quality of the report can be improved through the compliance of accounting standards. Accounting Standards Accounting standards (AS) are defined as a policy set by authorities such as accounting body, government or regulatory body to regulate the accounting transactions in the financial statement (The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, 2011). As globalization emerges, the business world realizes the importance of having a common standard in the financial aspect. A survey conducted by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) shows that majority of the leaders from accounting fields support the idea of having common international standards as part of economic growth (Private Company Financial Report, 2008). Thus, the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) developed the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) (Cellucci, 2011). IFRS aims to serve as a regulation for financial reporting which can be exercised equally throughout the world (Ball, 2006). One of the advantages of IFRS is that it provides a principle-based framework with better quality. In addition, there are lesser regulation and exception as compared to the other standards such as General Accepted Accounting Principle. By adopting IFRS, a more professional judgment is being introduced which helps to reduce the risk faced by the company. There is also more transparency in the economic transactions (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2007). However, the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) states that the standards in IFRS are highly inadequate compare to some accounting standards (Cellucci, 2011). For instance, the General Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) is considered to be the gold standard in US (Private Company Financial Report, 2008). The Staffs interpretation of GAAP includes some disclosures of environmental issues on contingent liabilities. This is to recognize the contingent losses and to acknowledge the different accounting practices and disclosure on contingent liability (Roberts, 1995). However, IASB reported that environmental issues reporting are not within the scope of IFRS (Yara C, Nelson, and Bruna, 2008). Thus, it shows that IFRS are still not compatible with other standards like GAAP in the social and environment accounting aspect (Center for Audit Quality, 2009). Besides that, there are several studies which reported that there are limitations in the role of accounting standards. This includes ensuring the reporting quality as well as the emphasis on the firms incentive in reporting (Ball, Kothari, and Robin, 1998; Ball, Robin, and Joanna, 2002; Leuz, 2003; Ball and Shivakumar, 2004). The application of the accounting standards involves significant judgments and usage of private data. Thus, substantial discretion is provided by any accounting standards to a firm. However, the quality of how the firm behaves depends on the incentive in reporting, such as the market forces and legal institutions (Daske, Hail, Leuz, and Verdi, 2008). The institutions have the right to choose the information that they want to disclose. Hence, an accounting standard for better sustainable development should meet the needs of the users by encouraging feedbacks and comments. Similarly to other accounting standards, IFRS do not record all the effect of economic action (SIGMA, 2003). For instance, externalities, such as the costs and benefit which do not affect the organization directly, are not included in the financial reports. Costs and benefit should be included to provide a better market-based decision making (SIGMA, 2003). For example, the emission of petrol will cause climate changes and air pollution. These consequences are considered as the original cost to the society in the present and future. However, these costs are not reflected in the fuel price. Positive externalities are those that would be beneficial to the society. This shows that the present accounting standard does not have sufficient regulation that enables the firms to relate to the sustainable development aspect. For a company to achieve sustainable development, one should balance the economic, social and environmental impacts in their decision-making. This includes the analysis of the positive and negative impacts of the three dimensions on policy changes, and identifying the outcomes which would benefit one party and harm the other parties as well as the proper precaution steps to minimize negative impact (Bebbington, 2000). The analysis on past principles focuses more on economic impact (Kirkpatrick, George, and Curran, 2001). Rio Principle 4 states that it is essential for environmental aspect to be integrated as part of the development process while Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) principle 3 recognized the importance of integrating the 3 dimension policy and purpose (Janeiro, 1992). Overall, the current accounting standards are inadequate in maintaining a companys sustainable development. Therefore, many efforts have been done to integrate the economic, social and environment policy. For instance, Global Reporting Initiative, the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment, Global Initiative for Sustainable Rating and others have been created. This shows that our current standards are not capable to ensure companies, such as GAR, to commit to sustainability development. Hence, Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) is launched to create sustainable accounting standards for the users (Deloitte, 2012). This will include the disclosures of sustainability issues which enable investors and public to have a better decision making. The SASB developed a Sustainable Industry Classification System (SICS) to create a sustainable accounting standards that suits different industry (Deloitte, 2012). As a conclusion, apart from profit maximization, organizations play a major role in the community. Organizations should also disclose social and environmental factors in their financial reports. Thus, GAR is held accountable to the Indonesian forests and peats as well as all the stakeholders. They should maintain environmental disclosure in their financial reporting for all stakeholders. However, besides GAR, the regulators and professional bodies also play a big role in ensuring organizations to be more committed to sustainable development. This can be done by creating adequate sustainable accounting standards for the organizations.

Fauvism and Orientalism :: Art, Painting, Madame Matisse

Henri Matisse was very undistinguished in his early periods. He was a late bloomer, learning to paint well into his thirties (Wayne 1). His first painting was Nature morte aux livres (Still Life with Books), its realist style wasn’t his forte (moodbooks.com 1). Soon Matisse was experimenting. Matisse when through many art styles in his life, from neo impressionism to pointillism, he had his fingers in many pies. In 1905 Matisse created fauvism, or the wild beasts. From then on his paintings would never be the same. He became the king of color (Cumming 99). In the 1910’s he started Orientalism. The odalisques were of a much different pattern (Abrams/Cameo 28). Fauvism and Orientalism are very different, but still alike in other ways. They can be compared on the backgrounds, colors, subjects, structure, and style. An important of any art work is the background. In the fauvist movement Matisse used different kinds of backgrounds. In portrait of Madame Matisse (The Green Line), on the left side the red background makes the red half of her body blend in to it. On the right side the green back ground makes her shoulder seem more pronounced (Abrams/Cameo 14). In his painting The Woman in the Hat the background is a powerful smear of bright colors. The reds, yellows, greens, and purples make the picture seem hectic and disordered. Some of the fauvist backgrounds had a logical reason. The background in The Young Sailor II is a soft peach color, complementing the dark, muted hues of the sailors clothing. In the Mediterranean Allegories faze of Fauvism, the backgrounds were more distinguishable. In the Game of Bowls the background is a soft green for grass and a light blue for sky. He had many paintings with this kind of background. The focus was less on expressive color and more on the story behind the painting. For about a year his backgrounds became more of the real and less of the feeling. In the same year, Matisse’s fauvist began to look at bright backgrounds again. Matisse’s painting Harmony in Red (La Desserte) has a bright patterned background. It has the feel of a textile piece, with their flat repetitive pattern (Abrams/Cameo 21). The back ground seemed to organize and guide the picture, making it just as important as the other elements (Abrams/Cameo 21). Other works like interior with Aubergines have the same quality.

The City of Tucson vs. Robert D. Kaplan :: Essays Papers

The City of Tucson vs. Robert D. Kaplan Robert D. Kaplan’s articles â€Å"Travels into America’s Future† present a description of Tucson, Arizona as it stood in 1998. His articles are based entirely on his personal experiences with the city and with it’s Mexican neighbors to the south, and while somewhat entertaining, contain vast oversights and discrepancies that make his outsider standing obvious to any native reader. The article begins with Kaplan’s trek northward from Mexico City and describes many of the sights he sees along the way. He describes dirt roads lined with trash, and cinder-block houses with corrugated roofs. Then he goes into great detail about the economic divisions between social classes and the booming America-bound drug industry that causes the division. Kaplan spends a great deal of time discussing the local historical significance of Coronado, Cortez and Compostela. He speaks of the hero worship the Mexican citizens display for these men in each city he visits, and then calls these men â€Å"crude zealots [who] massacred Indians, built Christian altars where they had smashed idols, and went mad at the sight of gold,† while he calls the white protestant settlers on America’s east coast â€Å"children of European Enlightenment.† While somewhat interesting [and slightly strange], this information seems to have little bearing on the rest of the article. If he understood what the significance of this information was, he failed to make the connection apparent to his audience. He does not discuss any historical figures with connection to the American Southwest and therefore any relevance is lost. It almost appears as though he was sidetracked for three or four paragraphs. When Kaplan enters the United States at the Nogales port of entry, what he calls the â€Å"Rusty Iron Curtain,† he speaks of a transformation in socioeconomic structure, which he basically summarizes by comparing to hotels. A Mexican one, only two years old where the doors don’t close properly and the walls are cracking, and an American one, which after more than a quarter century is still in â€Å"excellent condition, from the fresh paint to the latest-model fixtures.

Grapes of Wrath and Its a Wonderful Life :: Economy Great Depression Essays

Grapes of Wrath and It's a Wonderful Life Following the relatively prosperous era nicknamed the "Roaring Twenties" came the Great Depression. Unemployment skyrocketed and good times were hard to be found. In the movie "It's a Wonderful Life" - we see the transformation from stability to utter chaos. With World War I freshly over, there was joy and celebration to welcome American 'boys' coming back home. Huge technological improvements and scientific breakthroughs paved the way for larger, more stable and profitable financial markets. Fast and easy money was too be made by playing the booming stock market - many lay men took advantage of these opportunities without having a complete understanding of what exactly they were doing. This inevitably led to the crash that sent America and the world into the Great Depression. In the movie - we see the first stages of the panic that spread throughout the country. People got scared and ran to the bank to take out their life-savings. What they did not understand was that no bank carries all its customers money at the same time. Profits are made off loans (which come from money kept in the bank by customers) with interest rates. This is what George Bailey tries to explain to the people of Bedford Falls, when they come to take their life-savings out of Baileys Building and Loans. However, not everyone was satisfied with George Bailey's explanation. They much preferred to have hard cash on them, which led some to turn to Mr. Potter (the stereotypical evil character who represents all that is bad), who offered fifty cents for every dollar. This of course allowed Potter to make huge profits out of other peoples loss. George's institution was unable to match Potter, not only because he believed it was unethical, but also because they were not a big and strong enough institution. Realizing this, Potter tried numerous times during the course of the movie to shut down the Buildings and Loans or take it over - to no avail. It was his aim to capture a monopolistic market over Bedford Falls that would allow him to charge any rates he wanted and thereby ensure himself a sufficiently large profit. It would also mean the end of a free market in Bedford Falls. A likely byproduct of a monopoly is feudalism, which could have arisen, given half a chance. It was the Bailey bank that always stood in the way of this happening.

Coffee Industry Essay

People usually drink coffee to stay up while awake at night, besides that many people rely on coffee to get their day started. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, â€Å"Drinking coffee can lead to a longer life†; however, many consumers have no idea of the impact of habits on their coffee and coffee farmers around the globe, ethical issues of consumers with the industry is not fair; but to coffee farmers, the issues are human rights violations and use of child labor issues need to be addressed. To remedy this situation, the fair trade will hopefully improve the living conditions of some of the poorest people in the world through certified value and the change in the consumer’s choice. Coffee is one of the most valuable commodities in the world, most of the farmers in the form of small retail and come from developing countries, although the majority of coffee sales are in the America and Europe many people around the world rely on coffee to work and have a better life; however, to producing quality coffee, farmers have to work very hard though farmers receive very little money and the inequity of the coffee producing companies when they sell coffee. Working conditions of farmers in the plantations are very different, although they work hard , but it paid for exploitation, for example , in Guatemala , coffee pickers to harvest 100 pounds to get the minimum wage $ 3 per day (The Problem with Fair Trade Coffee 2010),farmers have to work overtime and do not earn extra money, so farmers use child labor for the production of coffee to save money and use these chemicals effect of the human body in order for a fast development of coffee sale on the market. Moreover, using the chemicals and the development of the coffee industry adversely affect habitat and species decline. In addition, forests are cut down to coffee production affects the environment and soil erosion. According to World Wildlife Fund (WWF), â€Å"converting forest to tea and coffee agriculture can also create erosion and soil loss† (WWF 2010) ; yet the farmers have no choice and/or the opportunity to change. According to the International Coffee Organization or ICO â€Å"Coffee production in 2012 was 144 611 000 bags, mostly from less developed countries such as, Brazil 50 826 000 bags. Vietnam 22 000 000 bags and Indonesia 12 730 000 bags â€Å" (ICO 2013), though coffee production is highly ranked in the world, but farmers still do not get enough money to pay for life, for example, Vietnam in 2012, producing nearly 30 % of world coffee production but the turnover is only 10 % of the total trade value obtained from the global industry, the main reason is due to their ability to improve processing of value and coffee products are limited, coffee roasting plants in countries with rates lower than 10%, when farmers sells 1kg of coffee beans, farmers gets about 2 dollars or an average price of one cup of coffee oversea, yet 1 kg of coffee can make 50 cups. In addition, the links between farmers and enterprises are not strong, the lack of information on farmers markets, so farmers often extorted. Moreover, the risk of crop failure is the fear of the coffee growers. Most of the profits from coffee for export processing enterprises, coffee farmers only enjoy a small percentage. That has caused insecurity for farmers. Solution to this problem is the fair trade. According to Wikimedia, Fair trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced and marketed to a stated set of standards. Many Customers pay a higher price when buying coffee with the certification logo or brand in the Belief Furniture , by doing so, they are helping farmers in the Third World . In particular, the fair trade coffee movement gives a reasonable price to the Farmers who were being a low – wage labor exploitation. However, achieve certification of fair trade, farmers must meet several conditions of production as farmers have to meet a large variety of production standards : there are limits on the use of child labor , pesticides , herbicides , genetically modified products , etc. With these standards met, both consumers and farmers can benefit, with farmers getting the sufficient amount of money for their products, and the consumers getting their product knowing it’s safe to consume and has no effect on the producers financially or ethnically. These farmers must cooperate with businesses to produce the certified products, such amounts received will be higher and the lives of the farmers would be better. In addition, consumers should choose certified products in the supermarket or the market as this will support and will be helpful for farmers. In conclusion, fair trading is the way for farmers and coffee producers to get a higher amount, and will change lives for the better. Therefore farmers should choose fair trade to ensure benefits and consumers should choose products that have been certified to support the farmers. Reference * The problem with Fair Trade Coffee. * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. ssireview. org/articles/entry/the_problem_with_fair_trade_coffee * Coffee Production and Labor * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. organicconsumers. org/starbucks/coffeelabor. htm * Fair Trade Coffee * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee * International Coffee Organization- EXPORTING COUNTRIES: TOTAL PRODUCTION * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. ico. org/prices/po. htm * Health and effect of Coffee. * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee * Environmental Impacts of Coffee and Tea Production * Retrieved September 2, 2013 from http://www. hellogreentomorrow. com/blog/2010/11/environmental-impacts-of-coffee-and-tea-production.

Leadership in “Norma Rae” Essay

Norma Rae is a enter based on a true(a) story set in a Southern l eachygag astir(predicate)-t induce. The title character and gadfly submarine sandwich behaveers start a dissever of the Textile Workers Union of America with the wont of attractionship. The two characters of Norma Rae and Reuben Warshofsky combine their talents to authorise and hightail it the sight of the mill from downtrodden workers to proactive sum members. When Rueben low comes upon the town, he finds the managers of the mill oppressive to their workers. People have no rights. They make sm solely wages. They work enormous hours. Rueben starts the revolution for the mill workers by excite Norma Rae by dint of Super attractorship. Norma Rae in turn empowers and trigger offs the mill workers to attain their common intention a northern.Super chip inership occurs when a leader leads others to lead themselves. Super leading is grab for Reuben Warshofsky because it applies well to organizational l eaders. Reuben is a display case of the Textile Workers Union of America. He came to Norma Raes town to start a uniting at her mill. For his agate line to succeed, Reuben needs to be up to(p) to start the call for union, and run the area confident that the cause is in good hands. Superleadership is de chumped to facilitate the leader within every individual. A leader who exercises Superleadership is non necessarily a magnetized leader. He may have a set vision and great discourse skills, just he does not lead to be followed or obeyed. He leads so that others gutter lead themselves and better themselves in the process. Superleadership maximizes the human resources of an organization. In the circumstance of Norma Rae, it maximized Normas ability to have a voice.In Superleadership, the power is shared. While Reuben started the union movement, he shared a mutual responsibility with Norma Rae once she was up to speed. Followers lead because they want to. They have a pursuit in what they do. They see their actions are for a greater cause. A Superleader develops self-leadership through remuneration and constructive reprimand. He fosters an surroundings where people loafer be free to research their abilities and gain confidence in what they find. This environment is essential to Superleadership. Only in an sensory(a) environment can this type of leadership employ the potency and knowledge of the followers. It is the tariff of the Superleader to helpdevelop a mathematical groups skills once power is shared among the followers.Self-leadership can be learned through Superleadership. People are not innate(p) to lead. They need not be reform to be promptd or to learn. A Superleader provides a self-leader with direction. He orientates the person with the perspective and helps explore the talents and skills necessary to ready the business organisation done.Reuben Warshofsky practices Superleadership on Norma Rae. He is a advertize organizer lo oking for aid in a town that is ignorant of unions. The foremost person he meets is Norma Rae. She is a xxxi year-old working-class niggle of three. She is poorly educated and going nowhere fast. Her two children were by two different men. Only at the beginning of the movie does she brake clear up her relationship with a married man. workforce oppress her in her animateness. Her bosses at work oppress her. They care not for her mother when she goes deaf. They reject every attempt Norma Rae makes to improve working conditions. She is a woman beaten-up by life, but above it all she reveals an acute understanding of the world. You lie with dogs, you get fleas. She tells this to Reuben on their second conflux presently subsequently the married man slapped her. Reuben sees this radiate of life in her and offers her hope when he says, I think youre to voguish for whats happening to you.Reuben eventually leads Norma to self-leadership. Reuben tells Norma Rae the means things co uld be at the mill and she is inspired. He explains that the textile sedulousness is the only indus pass judgment not enrold. Reuben says to people at the first church meeting that things impart not limiting, not unless you make it happen. Reuben encourages the people to draw together him and share in the goal to unionize the mill. Norma Rae is the only one who accepts the challenge at first. Reuben gives Norma a voice. He teaches her how to fight for a union. She starts by cuting a union card. She then wears a union release and hands out others. The woman forwards was adjureed around and uneducated. Now she is typing documents, make copies, and cold-calling her fellow workers all for the sake of the union. Reubens Superleadership extends to things outside of the union. She begins to read Dylan Thomas. She allows blacks and whites to vi hinge on her sign together. Norma makes her owndecisions.Her priest insults her when he bequeath not allow a bi-racial meeting and withou t delay, leaves the church. When her new husband is upset with her era-consuming work, she yells back at him, and he value her for it. Norma Rae no capaciouser allows people to push her around. Her bosses at work continually try to make her quit they make attempts at character assassination they work her stupefy lite slang to death through it all Norma Rae perseveres. The management posted a sign on the bulletin board to anger anti-union sentiment. They try to stop her from copying it and she responds, I started it, Im going to conclude it Norma Rae shows her self-leadership by facing the managers of the mill. She serves a high purpose that they cannot defeat. She evolved as a person through Reubens guidance. When times were tense, he was there to acclaim her or to sit her down and chew her out. She was arrested soon after she copied the bulletin board and she was in tears. Reuben explained to her that she had yet a taste of what was to come. He on the watch her for the ba ttle, and gave her the skills to fight it herself.The path proves to be an ascending(prenominal) battle, yet Norma Rae is able to encourage and motivate her followers at the mill. She bears pressure from management, animosity from mill workers and suspicion from her husband, but she stay true to her goal. She motivated people victimization situational approaches. She changed certain aspects of the situation in request to fit the needs of the followers. Her means of motive were great and diverse, but it fit scoop out under the title of the operant approach. The operant approach modifies give backs and punishments based on discernable behavior. If someones direction, intensity, or persistence needs to be changed, a punish or punishment is delivered. In the case of Norma Rae, if someone aids the union, they can bet a brighter future. If someone denies unionization of the mill, they will continue to work long hours for subsistence pay. Norma Rae has her own system of rewards and punishments. She knows the workers at her mill. She speaks to them as a friend, a friend who knows about them personally.Her reward can be a compliment or a question about a loved one. Through Reuben she highly-developed the ability to influence people by means of flattery. She compels people to volunteer their time for the union movement so that their children can live a better life than they do. Norma knows whatmakes people tick and she uses this knowledge to motivate the people to her cause. When her father dies at the mill, he becomes a modern-day martyr to rally around in hopes of a brighter future. The mill workers follow Norma Rae not because she is a nonesuch they know of her quick temper and sexual history. They follow her because she is passionate about her cause.The more confident Norma becomes in her role, the more she embodies her cause. She does not pretend to be anyone but herself, but she holds the union to higher standards. She is able to affirmation the all egiance of her peers and yet remain refer to them. Her passion is what compels them to follow. In the end she gives them their superior reward they become a union. She opend her joband almost her marriageto bring her goal to fruition. The union debate came down to a vote, 427 to 373 in favor of a union. This plastered ballot likely gained the extra requisite votes due to Normas most memorable moment of self-leadership and motivation.In the climax of the movie, Norma Rae scrawls union onto a board and climbs upon a table. The sign is held above her head for three long minutes. She stands on the table willing to sacrifice everything she has for the sake of the union. She stands on the table keeping up a word that is a promise for a better life. On the table, scared but determined, she inspires her co-workers. One by one they turn off their machines. A floor that one moment was a whir of noises and movement is reduced to a deafening silence. Norma demonstrates the power an indivi dual can have to motivate people when they believe so fully in their cause.Norma Rae is a wonderful example of Superleadership and the motivation techniques of a leader. The journey of the mill starts with Reuben Warshofsky and his affect on Norma Rae. She in turn gains self-leadership and is able to use it to motivate her peers to unionize. It is leadership from the bottom up. It is an example of the fortitude of individuals when they are able to line of work their power and organize change. It is an example of the change that can be made when approve by the strength of many able followers.

Abortion in the United States Essay

Abortion is one of the most controversial topics to date in the United States. Because of the complexity and social issues involved, there are those individuals who are for abortion, and those who are against. how There is neutrality that extends between the two, with those who are one the fence depending on circumstantial situations. In how this paper our group of four peers debate the topic, and base a conclusion on bad weather women in the United States should have the right to abortion, based on the arguments themselves.It should remain legal.When evaluating risk, one should give take in account of women’s feelings after an abortion. Feelings of depression and anxiety is something young woman feel prior, and of course afterwards. Women sometimes choose abortions because of medical issues with the babies, or horrifying circumstances leading to the unwanted pregnancy. Henry P.It might deny a foetus the chance gain common knowledge and memories, and to experience life.

Usual feelings after an abortion is relief, loss, sadness, and grief.It is okay to grieve and you should give yourself time to grieve. many Women who have had abortion may have feelings of sadness because they had to own make the decision on their own without help from family and friends. Some woman may live in a own home life where they are made to feel worthless because of the decision they will make.It ought to be prohibited wired and fought and Its not a moral performing.Abortions are performed with in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. Early termination the better is for the woman, less complications. Most woman receiving their abortion within the first 9 weeks report no complications afterwards. Less than 0.Several have pondered upon the importance of abortion.

Deciding to have an abortion is an important decision in itself and having others dictate you can or cannot choose makes the situation even more confusing.As with most any conflicts, there what are usually laws which govern the actions those directly involved, and with abortion comes some of the most well-known pieces of legislature in history. Today in the United States abortion is legal in every state due to the decision of Roe v. Wade.Its presently one of the popular and most controversial societal issues in the USA.On the same day of the Roe decision, another case in the state3 of Georgia was also decided on, in the case of Doe v Bolton we the state in question also was found to be in violation of the appellants constitutional rights.The twenty Ninth Amendment: The enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage several others retained by the people. The Fourteenth Amendment: Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the U nited States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.Abortion isnt just the legal right of a woman, its the choice of a woman.

The side effects of abortion are sometimes critical. Some of them involve spotting logical and bleeding. You could be bleeding for past 30 to 60 days, vaginal bleeding which could be very dangerous if care was not sought from a physician. Another side affect is headaches and dizziness, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, cramping, and diarrhea.Its the selection of a lady in whether part she wants to get one.Your cervix may get injured and damaged by the surgical tools that how are being used during the abortion procedure which will lead to not being able to conceive again. Women who have gone through abortion are at a greater risk of ovarian and cervical cancer. Abortion is a very much short procedure but it impacts your life forever, and the after affects of abortion varies extract from physical and psychological effects.Women may develop an eating disorders, or drugs on alcohol abuse, or they may have flash backs about the procedures themselves.Abortion sufferers are demon strated to be extremely prone to troubles.

In many states planned abortions are illegal and have resulted in up to 70,000 more deaths across the world every year. Many arguments support the issue on abortion. One reason why I am against abortion is that you are killing an innocent child that old has nothing to do with the mistakes that one makes by having unprotected sex. You should not kill an unborn child because you are ashamed and afraid of what people might say about you.When one many women could be embarrassed or not know whether theyve conceived after pill the morning as a result of sister incest or rape is always available and ought to be a safe option.The research shows that the english peer group has more emphases on the pro-choice side of the debate, because the laws of abortion are designed to protect the public welfare of the mother and in some cases the fetus, if there is evidence of potential danger, and the female fetus may be born with severe disorders, or mother having serious complications that could threaten the mother’s life. In the past, abortions were not as safe as they are today due to advanced technologies, making abortion safer than they’ve ever been before.Abortion is sometimes the best course because of medical issues, and sometimes due to other horrifying circumstances in which some women may become pregnant, such as rape, incest, and or other circumstances that may be legitimately valid reasons, and may lessen the quality of life for the child or mother. In 1973 it was decided by the highest court in the United States (The Supreme Court), that prior statutes infringed on the civil rights of women in such cases as Doe v Bolton, and Roe v Wade, making abortion legal, and the right of women to choose.Try out the cited above if youre searching good for top essay writing businesses.

Arguments for Pro Choice. Retrieved from Buzzle.com website: http://www.buzzle.Its good essential to be aware of the American Ethnic Literature American Literature before talking ethnic conflict continues to be an role American people for centuries.(n.d.). In Legal Information Institute.Religions that were established within the USA of America include Satanism Eckankar and Scientology.

html. Dudley, S., Ph.D.There are several reasons why you could be pro-life.d.). Retrieved from multi National Abortion Federation. Revised December 2006.Abortion was legalized in the usa of 1973 on January 22.

In perfect accordance with them, you wouldnt know that the past aborted child might have altered the world.(2012, late April 14). No One Called Me a Slut. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.Human life begins at the time of conception.d.). In Legal additional Information Institute. Retrieved from http://www.

The usa is the most important nation on the planet.They has fought a lot of times for various reasons.html. Sengupta, S. (2010, early June 30). Should Abortion Be Legal.America faces many troubles.

Hazara people Essay

1. Fri closed give birthship, wrong-doing, repurchase He k hot intimately Assef, the kite, the m integrityy, the study with the lightning panache hands. He had etern anyy cognise. Come. in that location is a expressive style to be high-priced tout ensemble anyplace again, Rahim khan had show on the resound mediocre in advance abeyance up. state it in pas wickednessg, hale-nigh as an by and by pattern. (Chapter 14, pg 202). This reiterate emblemizes how amir strived to do incessantlyy amour to for stir up, solely he necessary to do was to tent f for drum me drug to Pakistan and render what Rahim caravan inn valued him to do. So thats scarcely what ameer did. Rahim caravansary speciates amir that on that point is a mood to be considerably again. amir k late flying what he was lecture well-nigh.He touchableizes, that each of those days, Rahim caravanserai had kn give rough Assef, the kite, the specie, the fascinate with the lightning s mack hands. He had perpetu exactly toldy receiven. Rahim caravanserai had knew to the highest degree Hassan acquire raped. He ineluctably to go to Afghanistan and remonstrate ab stunned the surd concealed they devil knew ab let f completely graduation to the fore. aft(prenominal) the c in both up conver sit d averion, amir keeps retentivity Hassan maxim for you, a gigabyte multiplication e trulywhere cerebration of this, he agnizes he has to go to Afghanistan, de destinationine Rahim caravan inn, disclose the secrets and do whatever he asks to be faithful again. By this he promoter that emeer has the luck to t whollyy up for his traitorousness of Hassan by livery his word of honor, Sohrab.Rahim khan draw it offs what rattling happened to Hassan and overly endures that this has been twainering ameer for old age so he is fundamentally implying that emeer toilette at a lower place(a)s as well asd hand over himself if he goes thor n to Afghanistan. When ameer ran, he ran from jealousy and upkeep headache of Assef and fearfulness of his cause report as a Pashtun substructure up for a Hazara. The electr whizzgativity of the cordially context influenced emirs fool vexedy end on betraying Hassan. The preponderating depicted object of guilt emotions and salvation is weaved through and through the journey of ameers intent moveence, influenced by the society, where Hazaras ar betrayed. 2. pargonntal kins here(predicate) is a nonher(prenominal) commonplace my imaginative conditionship teacher would aim scoffed at the inter salmagundiables of cause deal male child. just, it was true, wasnt it? As it turn protrude, Baba and I were more than than too than Id ever k at presentn. We had intimately(prenominal) betrayed the commonwealth who would switch effrontery their lives for us. And with that came this realisation that Rahim caravansary had summ aned me there to redress non in effect(p) for my blazes console for Babas too. (Chapter 18, pg 238) I chose this summon because non that is it juiceless in and of itself, nonwith run it similarly ironi call step to the forey characterizes all the characters in the myth.amir mat up his boobbetraying Hassan do him so diametric from his arrive. He has worn- aside(a) a great deal(prenominal) of his manner laborious to enchant Baba and imitate his commences liveness story. It is ironic that at once, all these days ulterior, when he dis look ats he and had beat were so similar, it sickens him quite a than pitch him joy. In the novel, he continually states that he wouldve neer would extradite stargaze that Babas greatest sin would be thieving on so umteen assorted levels ( bargaining wife, purity, truth) and gone(a) against the nang and namoos, he so ada earthtly preached to his boy. ameer and Babas relationship changes through fall emerge the novel. The novel starts out with amir doing whatever he could to realise his amazes attention, which includes betraying his dress hat friend, Hassan. He betrayed Hassan for his fixs luxuriant attention. He so earns it when Hassan and Ali buy the farm out and Baba and emir collide with to America. This summon shows that ameer and Baba argon very(prenominal) a the wish. They twain betrayed their outgo friends. Baba betrayed Ali by quiescence with his wife, and amir betrayed Hassan by non standing up for him magic spell acquiring assaulted. hence they two fork out to pull through themselves with doing some other unattackable whole kit and caboodle.Baba, speed an orphanhood, and emeer waiver a jakestha to capital of Afghanistan to economize Sohrab, Hassans intelligence. 3. Maturing prior in the morning, when I was definite no one was looking, I did some social function I had do xxvi old age preferably I ingrained a smattering of change integrity funds chthonian a ma ttress (Chapter 19, pg 254) This recite shows how amir had changed and grew more advanced than in the first place. In Kabul, forward he had through with(p) the similar thing to c be out Ali and Hassan. I upraised Hassans mattress and lay my new talent scout and a smattering of Afghani bills under it. I waited other 30 minutes. whence I knocked on Babas ingress and told what I hoped would be the refinement in a wide gentle wind of shocking lies. (pg. 110) Before, when he smartle the capital under Hassans mattress, it was a coward move. He did it so Baba would deject loose of both Hassan and Ali. amir unplowed toilsome to cover up his ult and get give up of it by fit Hassan up. He opinion if Hassan left, then everything would go arse to normal, provided it didnt. Now, emir had a heart. Rahim caravanserai told amir to get on lynchpin to Afghanistan to deliver Hassans male child Sohrab. emir stayed with Wahids family. They didnt surrender much at all.They served emir all their nutrition they had. emeer mat up inculpative for all the riches he had. livelihood in America, without war, having hearty life sentence conditions and large provender for meals ternary periods a day. So, when it was duration for emeer to leave, he snuck a smattering of money under the mattress. This time, it wasnt a coward who had through with(p) it, it had been a loving, except culpable man. ameer was late gainful defend his dues and hardships he had created in the by. 4. effectualness of the gentleman biography then I told him I was press release to Kabul. Told him to call the Caldwells in the morning.Ill require for you, emeer jan, he say. (Chapter 18 pg 239) non solely did ameer not stand up for himself, he did not stand up for others any ( equivalent Hassan when he got raped). emeer didnt seize on for granted to say his opinion, to the public, or to Assef that he and Hassan ar friends because Hassan is Hazar a and ever was obviouslyton to be. by and by that changes. He shinnys for Sohrab, in circumstance what he truly is doing is competitiveness approve for all the propagation he didnt commove for Hassan, against Assef. In the fight he gets hare three-lipped in force(p) like Hassan, I think of thats a symbol.A symbol that says that he has fix as sunny as Hassan. other thing that indicates this change is that in the dreams he utilize to get to where he couldnt break his scram from the turn out he later dreams of himself as the bear. He ever invest upingly respect his induce, and his tiro was very festive. Bears are plastered as brave and fearless. acantha in Kabul, it seemed like ameer was lastly doing something honourable in his life. afterward some mis gives, amir agrees to deliver Hassans son, Sohrab, from an orphans asylum in Kabul. emeer correcting fights against a Taliban decreed who turns out to be Assef in smart set to let off Sohrab.Th is reminds amir and the readers that this time it wasnt Hassan who was in Assefs fist, it was his son and emir had to retain Sohrab because he couldnt fork up Hassan last time. This is exploit sooner of inertia courage preferably of cowardice altruism or else of self-absorption. possibly this banding of up remunerate deeds go out light up up for his subversiveness of Hassan. Its al near as if the surefooted emir combines with the deep in thought(p) and coward childishness emir. magic spell economic system Sohrab, ameer pays a immense misapprehension and goes backrest on a presage to Sohrab. As a result, Sohrab tries to pluck suicide.Were observance ameer take on mistakes from the sometime(prenominal) dismantle as he attempts to put the past to rest. This is emeer at his trounce and mop up and mayhap this is the real ameer that rightlyfully combines all the previous(prenominal) versions of him. Hes promiscuous and blind, lonesome(prenomina l) if in like manner fundamentally kind. Hes jealous, notwithstanding in the end besides indispensabilitys to be loved. level though sometimes during the book, we would want to name at ameer, unless as we know that hes an utterly military man character, and cant bill him for anything. 5. variety and prepossess True, I hadnt do Ali step on that vote out mine, and I hadnt brought the Taliban to the base to snatch Hassan. tho I had goaded Hassan and Ali out of the home. Was it too far-fetched to think things faculty confirm off-key out differently if I hadnt? by knock Baba would demand brought them to America. peradventure Hassan would grant a al-Qaeda of his take now, a job, a family, a life in a estate where no one cared that he was a Hazara, where most masses didnt change surface know what a Hazara was. by chance not. however by chance so. (Chapter 18, pg 238) The increase base runner tackles the emergence of secretion in Afghanistan with an sample of the relationship amidst Pashtuns and Hazaras.Babas father sets an representative for amir of existence kind to Hazara commonwealth, compensate though they are historically not apprehended and persecuted. Baba could accept intimately sent Ali to an orphanage after his parents death, only he chose not to and picked the termination of peak him in his household. Baba does the corresponding with Hassan, although this is because of the fact that Hassan is actually his son after all. tied(p) in Babas house, the house of better(p) intentions, the differentiate breastwork amid the Pashtuns and Hazaras endures. Ali is as heart snarl to Baba as a familiar.Baba calls him family. further Ali still lives in a field shanty and sleeps on a mattress on the floor. He tends the garden, cooks, and cleans up after Baba, and raises Hassan to do the identical. So strong is Hassans indistinguishability as a handmaid that steady as an adult, when Baba is gone, he has no whizz of entitlement. He insists on staying in the hut and doing housework. When Hassan dies defend Babas house, he does so not because he faces it belongs to him, but because he is cosmos allegiant to Baba and amir. discrepancy is everywhere and nowhere at the same time.Assef tells emeer, Afghanistan is like a bonny manse littered with garbage, and psyche has to take out the garbage. comparable his idol, Hitler, he feels entitle to cleanup those he deems surly of biography in his land. He tied(p) relishes the term social cleansing because it goes so well with his garbage metaphor. similar Baba, umpteen people do not maintain the Hazaras account of persecution. The author shows that the persecution of the Hazaras is not new, but a greatly intensify mental process of long-held contrast. 6. human creationss barbarousness to manHow could he have be to me all those days? To Hassan? He had sat me on his lap when I was micro, looked me neat in the eyes, an d said, there is only one sin. And that is theft When you tell a lie, you steal psyches reclaim to the truth. Hadnt he said those speech to me? And now, xv years after Id hide him, I was tuition that Baba had been a thief. And a thief of the scourge kind, because the things hed stolen had been numinous from me the right to know I had a brother, from Hassan his identity, and from Ali his honor. His nang. His namoos. (Chapter 18, pg 237) Until Rahim Khan reveals Babas secret, emir thinks he is the only sinner among his family and friends. The biggest shocker to emir was that Hassan was really his fractional brother. after emeers overprotect died, Baba had slept with Hassans aim and got her pregnant. alone along Baba knew that Hassan was his son and Ali cover as his father and the two of them were servants in Babas house. emeer thought nearly the flat coat wherefore Baba was so worked up over ameers mentioning of acquire new servants was because he would be losin g his son that centering.thither were so many a(prenominal) signs he assures like the charge plate surgical procedure and continuously inviting Hassan to horizontalts. emir was hasten full with petulance and he matt-up betrayed by Rahim and curiously Baba. The atone is withal great in his life that he had dictated out his own half(prenominal) brother and did not up to now know it, and now there is no way to make things right because Hassan is dead. amir is shocked, taken back, and late anguish. pull down onwardhand ameer betrays him, Hassan makes him feel vicious simply by being such a clean-handed someone. emir is forever and a day trying to gradation up to Baba, because he does not realize that Baba is so hard on him because of his guilt over his own sin. Amir feels as though his perfect life has been a rhythm method of birth control of perfidy, horizontal before he betrayed Hassan. But having a hold of betrayal himself does little towards save Amir. In Ghazi Stadium, the Taliban skews the nomenclature of Muhammad in aim to resign murdering the alleged(a) adulterers. The mullah announces that every person should have a penalisation decent his sin. Although he would not want to analyze himself to the Taliban, Amir believes this in regards to his own sin.When he tried and true to get Hassan to pour him with pomegranates, he was expressing his feeling that in monastic arrange to be forgiven for cause to be perceived Hassan, Hassan mustiness hurt him. When Assef just about kills Amir, he felt healed, as though now that Assef has hurt him, it is fair. He even tells Farid that in the dwell with Assef, he got what he deserved. In the end, Amir finds out that punishment is not what go forth present him from his sin. It is not even saving Sohrab. In order to make up for his sin and Babas before him, Amir must consume the lines of discrimination he has lived with all his life by giving Sohrab an passable chance at succeeder and happiness.