Physical Therapy :: Cheathouse Essays

Physical TherapyWhere am I? How did I get here? is what many guessing unhurrieds imagine after recovering from an acute or severe stroke. A stroke is also known as a cerebrovascular accident, a life-threatening result where the brain is deprived of adequate type O. A visible therapists duty is to provide assistance and education that will help patients rehabilitate and bear to a normal routine. As of today, there is a new treatment called treadmill train with partial body weight support that facilitates recovery of a patients ability to walk sooner after a surgery. Is the expense for treadmill training with partial body weight support which includes pricy equipment and constant physical therapy supervision worth it if it decrease the amount of time it takes a person to get better? Is it ultimately more efficient than handed-down physical therapy? My argument will state that treadmill training with partial body weight support is worth the expense and provides better techniqu es than traditional physical therapy.After a stroke, patients are usually referred to physical therapy to begin the recovery process. There are many types of physiotherapy treatments for different types of strokes and injuries. The two kinds of strokes are ischemic stroke which occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted by blood clots. The blood clots are caused when the arteries harden and a cluster forms which then limits blood and oxygen supply to the brain. The second kind of stroke is a hemorrhagic stroke, which occurs when there is bleeding into or around the brain. If one of the two strokes were ever to occur, getting oxygen and blood to your brain immediately is very important because permanent tissue damage and death could even occur. Physical therapists help not only stroke patients but a large variety of people who have physical limitations. A new treatment approach that is being studied involves treadmill training with partial body weight support. In this approach a physical therapist patterns the movement of the involved or weak leg while the patient is supported in a sling type apparel while walking on a treadmill. This is a new technique that is showing good enough results. However, there are no long term studies as of yet. I believe that treadmill training is very beneficial to stroke patients because it helps them regain further and strength in a short amount of time. Treadmill training is very costly, but increases your chances in walking by about three to quaternity weeks faster than regular physical therapy.

Disney: To be a Young Woman Essay -- disney princess, unrealistic beau

To be a Young Woman (according to Disney)Since Disney first introduced Snow uncontaminating from the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarves back in 1937, the definition of what it means to be a young womanhood has been hugely influenced by Walt Disney Studios princesses. From the pilus and the dresses to the demeanor and poise, Disney princesses lose been showing girls of all ages how a woman should look and lick, if she wants to have a happy life and find the perfect husband. Being ever fed the seemingly ideal image of beauty since their spring chicken most girls feel a need to strive to that level of beauty in golf-club for them to feel accepted in society, and confident in themselves. accord to researcher Dawn England, The princesses in the first three Disney Princess movies were frequently affectionate, helpful, troublesome, fearful, tentative, and described as lovely (England).Focusing in on the three original Disney princesses, Snow White, Cinderella, and good mornin g from Sleeping Beauty, according to those three princesses what it means to be a young woman is to have unrealistic physical beauty, be dependent on a man, and be submissive and obedient.The Disney princesses unrealistic level of beauty can be seen in the creative person portrayal of each princess. In the article, The Mixed Blessings Of Disneys Classic queer Tales Asma Ayob talks about how the princesses are created, Snow White and Cinderella are presented as beautiful prototypical princesses who are ideally perfect. With the advent of the lm, and the animators ability to create aweless bodies, this type of female attractiveness, which can be compared to air-brushing models on the covers of popular magazines, is a hard act to follow (Ayob). The hard act to follow, has been t... ...llier-Meek. Gender exercise Portrayal And The Disney Princesses. Sex Roles 64.7/8 (2011) 555-567. OmniFile Full textual matter recognize (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Apr. 2014.Marry The Prince Or Stay W ith FamilyThat Is The Question A Perspective Of Young Korean Immigrant Girls On Disney Marriages In The United States. Australasian Journal Of Early Childhood 34.2 (2009) 39-46. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Apr. 2014.Rozario, Rebecca-Anne C. Do. The Princess And The Magic Kingdom Beyond Nostalgia, The conk Of The Disney Princess. Womens Studies In Communication 27.1 (2004) 34-59. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 28 Apr. 2014.Whelan, Bridget1. Power To The Princess Disney And The Creation Of The twentieth Century Princess Narrative. Interdisciplinary Humanities 29.1 (2012) 21-34. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Apr. 2014. Disney To be a Young Woman Essay -- disney princess, unrealistic beauTo be a Young Woman (according to Disney)Since Disney first introduced Snow White from the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarves back in 1937, the definition of what it means to be a young woman has been hugely influenced by Walt Di sney Studios princesses. From the hair and the dresses to the demeanor and poise, Disney princesses have been showing girls of all ages how a woman should look and act, if she wants to have a happy life and find the perfect husband. Being constantly fed the seemingly ideal image of beauty since their youth most girls feel a need to strive to that level of beauty in order for them to feel accepted in society, and confident in themselves. According to researcher Dawn England, The princesses in the first three Disney Princess movies were frequently affectionate, helpful, troublesome, fearful, tentative, and described as pretty (England).Focusing in on the three original Disney princesses, Snow White, Cinderella, and Aurora from Sleeping Beauty, according to those three princesses what it means to be a young woman is to have unrealistic physical beauty, be dependent on a man, and be submissive and obedient.The Disney princesses unrealistic level of beauty can be seen in the artist port rayal of each princess. In the article, The Mixed Blessings Of Disneys Classic Fairy Tales Asma Ayob talks about how the princesses are created, Snow White and Cinderella are presented as beautiful archetypal princesses who are ideally perfect. With the advent of the lm, and the animators ability to create awless bodies, this type of female attractiveness, which can be compared to air-brushing models on the covers of popular magazines, is a hard act to follow (Ayob). The hard act to follow, has been t... ...llier-Meek. Gender Role Portrayal And The Disney Princesses. Sex Roles 64.7/8 (2011) 555-567. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Apr. 2014.Marry The Prince Or Stay With FamilyThat Is The Question A Perspective Of Young Korean Immigrant Girls On Disney Marriages In The United States. Australasian Journal Of Early Childhood 34.2 (2009) 39-46. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Apr. 2014.Rozario, Rebecca-Anne C. Do. The Princess And The Magic Kingdom Be yond Nostalgia, The Function Of The Disney Princess. Womens Studies In Communication 27.1 (2004) 34-59. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 28 Apr. 2014.Whelan, Bridget1. Power To The Princess Disney And The Creation Of The 20Th Century Princess Narrative. Interdisciplinary Humanities 29.1 (2012) 21-34. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 14 Apr. 2014.

Music and Media Can Be Detrimental to Children :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Music and Media Can Be Detrimental to Children Parents will argue that new(prenominal) people are the reason their children are crimson and usually take absolutely n peerless of the blame, when in reality they should be taking a messiness of the blame for rage among children. I believe media as a whole, including television, radio, movies, video games, news, etc, can be very detrimental to society and leads to a lot of this violence among children with which we are dealing. I was always taught what goes in your head has to eventually come out, so shouldnt you put in only good stuff? Critics claim that melody negatively affects teenagers by repeatedly exposing them to themes such as Satanism, substance abuse, murder, suicide, and sexual violence, which may be heavily reinforced and normalized by the frequency of their portrayal ( younker and Violent Music). I think there are too many television shows that run between the hours of three and five in the aftern oon, which is when just about children watch television, that make violence their main theme. Also during those hours, there are music video countdowns playing on just about every cable to which you flip. The only things kids learn when they watch these videos is how to abuse their wives, how to shoot a gun at someone, how to violently deal with a bully at school, how to dress so sexy that all the boys will like them, etc. Kids idolize anyone on television, especially if theyre a popular songwriter or singer. Most parents know that children come after whatever they see and hear, so wouldnt you think if parents let them watch these over-sexy and violent videos that their children are going to want to look and act just like what theyre reflection on television? Several major rap artists have been charged with violent crimes in real life, and many worry that their actions seemingly condone the violent messages in their music. Their celebrity status also serves to glamorize their vi olent behavior (Youth and Violent Music). There are many cases dealing with the termination of one or more children due to them trying-out a move they watched on television that look real cool. Even if there was only one case, that would be one too many for me not to think we had taken a wrong turn somewhere.

Modern Political Thoery and Liberalism Essay -- Political Science Argu

Modern political Thoery and Liberalism The subject given for this paper was to assess the alienation from liberalism found in contemporary and contemporary governmental theory. To be honest, I dont see a correlation with alienating liberalism and modern political thought finished the sentence line of political theory in the 18th and19th century and through the 20th century. So, for this paper, I will prove the opposite. I will show, in my opinion, how the tramp of liberalism has kept alive modern and contemporary political thought and action. I will begin with what I know of the beginning of liberal ideas and move through time showing how these liberal movements bemuse been the basis for major changes in countries and that liberalism, in my opinion, has not been alienated. The French Revolution marks the beginning of liberalism where the community lashed verboten against French society. This is where status was legally stratified by birth. In consequence, French citizens persi stently negotiated with one another and with the crown for better and more human rights. This is the score of citizens wanting natural rights and lashing out against a political organization/government in order to achieve this. Websters Dictionary defines Liberal as a political philosophy based on belief in progress, the essential goodness of the human race, and the autonomy of the individual and standing for the protection of political and civil liberties.(Webster) I think that the rebel of citizens in the French Revolution fits perfectly into this definition and marks the basis for the subject of political thought.During the and after industrial Revolution, due to liberalism, the social structure of society changed considerably. Before the Revolution most people lived in small villages, working either as farmers or craftsmen. With industrialisation everything changed. The new enclosure law had left many poor farmers bankrupt and unemployed and machines capable of huge outputs do small hand weavers redundant. As a result, there were many people who were forced to work at the new factories. This required them to move to towns and cities so that they could be close to their new jobs. It also meant that they made less money for working longer hours. Add to this the higher living expenses due to urbanization and one can easily see that many families resources would be extremely ... ...ere many outcries for womens rights through liberalism and this was the basis of Political thought in the late 19th century and early 20th century. This is another representative of how liberalism was kept alive in modern Political Thought.There are many feats in liberalism that lead the topic of Modern Political Thought The military force of liberal thought and ideals such as anti-welfare, anti-government regulation of business, anti-minimum wage, anti-income tax, pro-free trade, etc, is the basis for modern Political Thought which leads the way in conversation and essays about Modern Political Thought through liberalism.In this paper I have shown a timeline of modern liberal thinking which translates into Modern Political Theory and thought. I have shown how, in my opinion, the rise of liberalism has kept alive modern and contemporary political thought and action. I began with the French Revolution and showed the timeline of liberal movements and liberal thought which in turn a basis for political thinking was. All of which shows the opposite of the Alienation form liberalism mound in modern and contemporary theory and thinking. workings Citedhttp//www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary

Within-Class Ability Grouping Essay -- Essays Papers

Within-Class Ability GroupingAs a future educator ability grouping is more(prenominal) than likely going to be a part of my classroom. I think it can and will be a valuable tool in efficaciously teaching all students of varying abilities. Ability grouping is a greatly debated area in the field of education. Opponents to the practice believe ability grouping is noxious to geting and student self-esteem, but ability grouping, specifically within-class ability grouping, can be very effective in teaching children. The students are able to learn at a pace that is suitable to their individual abilities and teachers are able to construct lessons that are specifically geared towards each level. Within-class ability grouping necessitates flexibility and frequent interactions between student and teacher to determine whether or not the child is in the proper group. In ability grouping the high achievers pull in from having to compete with one another (Hollifield, ERIC database). The low achievers in a group of children of similar level feel more comfortable and are, therefore, more willing to participate. Children should not be put into groups in every subject area, but rather in a few areas where grouping has proven beneficial. Low-achieving students seem to learn more in heterogeneous math classes, while high and average achieving students suffer achievement lossesand their combined losses outweigh the low achievers gains (Loveless, internet). Regrouping for mathematics and class period has proven effective. The students are in heterogeneous groups for most of the day, but then are grouped according to level for those two subjects. Results indicate that regrouping for reading or mathematics can improve student achievement. However, the l... ...teacher Mrs. Petrigala November 17, 2000 Michaels first grade teacher Joshua Hammond November 22, 2000 10 year middle-aged son Sara Hammond November 22, 2000 12 year old daughter Works CitedGoldberg, Miriam L., Joseph Ju stman, and A. Harry Passow. The Effects of Ability Grouping. New York Teachers College Press, 1966. Hollifield, John. Ability Grouping in Elementary Schools. online. Http//ericae.net/edo/ED290542.htm. Lou, Yiping, et al. Within-Class Ability Grouping A Meta-Analysis. suss out of Education Journal 66 (1996) 423-458. Loveless, Tom. The Tracking and Ability Grouping Debate. online. Http//www.edexcellence.net/library/track.htmlanchor393575. Slavin, Robert. Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Elementary Schools A silk hat Evidence Synthesis. Review of Educational Research 57 (1987) 293-336.

Within-Class Ability Grouping Essay -- Essays Papers

Within-Class Ability GroupingAs a future educator ability grouping is more than probably going to be a part of my classroom. I think it can and will be a valuable tool in effectively pedagogics all students of varying abilities. Ability grouping is a greatly debated area in the field of education. Opponents to the practice believe ability grouping is detrimental to acquire and student self-esteem, but ability grouping, specifically within-class ability grouping, can be very effective in teaching children. The students are able to learn at a pace that is suitable to their individual abilities and teachers are able to construct lessons that are specifically geared towards each level. Within-class ability grouping necessitates flexibility and ordinary interactions between student and teacher to determine whether or not the child is in the proper group. In ability grouping the high achievers benefit from having to contend with one another (Hollifield, ERIC database). The low achieve rs in a group of children of similar level feel more comfortable and are, therefore, more willing to participate. Children should not be put into groups in every subject area, but rather in a few areas where grouping has proved beneficial. Low-achieving students seem to learn more in heterogeneous math classes, while high and average achieving students suffer achievement lossesand their combined losses outweigh the low achievers gains (Loveless, internet). Regrouping for math and reading has proven effective. The students are in heterogeneous groups for most of the day, but then are grouped according to level for those two subjects. Results indicate that regrouping for reading or mathematics can improve student achievement. However, the l... ...teacher Mrs. Petrigala November 17, 2000 Michaels first grade teacher Joshua Hammond November 22, 2000 10 year old son Sara Hammond November 22, 2000 12 year old miss Works CitedGoldberg, Miriam L., Joseph Justman, and A. Harry Passow. Th e Effects of Ability Grouping. New York Teachers College Press, 1966. Hollifield, John. Ability Grouping in Elementary Schools. online. Http//ericae.net/edo/ED290542.htm. Lou, Yiping, et al. Within-Class Ability Grouping A Meta-Analysis. Review of breeding Journal 66 (1996) 423-458. Loveless, Tom. The Tracking and Ability Grouping Debate. online. Http//www.edexcellence.net/library/track.htmlanchor393575. Slavin, Robert. Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Elementary Schools A Best narrate Synthesis. Review of Educational Research 57 (1987) 293-336.

Cultural competence and its promotion in the education system Essay

The demise of racial segregation in the 1960s saw the emergence of heathenish diversity with colored and non colored students straightway being taught under the same roof. From then on, schools have seen an increasingly diverse mix of students, matters having been complicated further by globalization, which has resulted in more(prenominal) diverse cultures making the United States their country of choice.Diversity is good and must be appreciated the only problem is that if not handled well it may have the potential of creating nonchalance between the different cultures making up the cultural mix so that instead of a system becoming a cultural melting pot, it becomes the watch crystal chamber. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of culture in molding competent students. Cultural competence More often than not, competence is construed in its narrowest definition, which is gener entirelyy in reference to acquisition of the necessary skills for the performance of a job.Fo r this paper however, competence will be in reference to both culture and knowledge. Ahlawat and Ahlawat (2006) put together the influence of globalization to be so enormous to the extent that multicultural diversity is now amongst the key ingredients for students aspiring for a global c atomic number 18r. An equally distinguished finding is by Thomas (2006), who emphasized the importance of cultural intelligence in the business environment. The role of culture in spite of appearance the organizations is captured by Berrell and Gloet (1999), who did a count on influence of culture in organizational culture and found it signifi back tootht.The study implies that for one to blend seamlessly in to an organization there must be a level of cultural competence because there seems to be a thin line between the culture within and without the organization. For instance, harmonize to the study, an organization within Malaysia will most likely have a culture similar to that of Malaysian pile. If one has problems adapting to the Malaysian culture then the persons proceeding output may be greatly limited. The role of the facts of life system in such a scenario will be to create a culturally competent global citizen.It cannot of course be expected that students will be trained to adapt to certain cultures only, instead, skills to adapt to diverse cultures will be imparted. such a skill is given by Arizaga, Waldo and Castellanos (2005), who found that teachers who participated in multicultural enhancement program showed increase cultural competence in the form of perceive and expressive skills. Evidently, these are adaptive skills that once acquired may be applied in any cultural setting. Educators role in promoting cultural competence The design of the education system should ensure that it produces tolerant people capable of adapting to any cultures.One of the ways given by Arizaga et al (2005) is by having multicultural enhancement programs to promote listening and expressive skills. Pope and Mueller (2005) also emphasize the need to integrate diversity issues in designing education programs. This can perhaps be described as the cornerstone of achieving cultural competence because if its importance can be prevailn in to account in the preparation of educators then eventually the educators that will end up in the field preparing the students will know what it entails to be culturally competent, and will thereafter pass on the skill.Pope, Mueller and Reynolds (2009) appear to agree with the importance of having culturally competent educators when it pays tribute to student affairs professionals for the increased number of multicultural scholarships in the last three decades. The furiousness should therefore be on getting culturally competent educators on board the educational system if substantial results are to be expected. . Further to that, the authors are also urging the educators not to simply embrace diversity they should actually s eek it proactively.In addition to promoting cultural competence in as farther as interacting with people from other ethnic, racial and national cultures, the education system should promote tolerance to homosexuals. This is according to Liang and Alimo (2005), who suggested that the education system could promote a more positive attitude of heterosexual students towards homosexual students by encouraging interaction between the cardinal groups, just aboutthing the study found to increase tolerance between the two groups.An equally important aspect of attitude development in the education system is the acquisition of positive views of self outlay and meaningfulness Coll and Zalaquet (2007). Its importance in promoting cultural competence may not be obvious, but it is not seriously to imagine how a person with a feeling of high self worth and meaning will find it rational to respect other peoples rights. A challenge to achieving cultural diversity is presented by Salazar (2005) w ho cites challenges faced by counsellors of color.Counselors of color according to the research are faced with prejudices in their interactions with white middle class students. Sadly, this may be an in built mentality, which may take some time to get rid of but fortunately, cultural competence presents one of the remedies to this inappropriate attitude. Implications of the findings Most people spend over two decades in school, meaning that the education system plays a big role in shaping the national psyche. Among other functions, Gay (2009) says that education plays an important role saving up constructive students.The element of constructiveness goes beyond cultural competence and ropes in other areas such as raw knowledge and social skills. In fact, according to the article the education system may play role in promoting democracy. The upshot of all this is that an educator must realize that the challenges and objectives of the education system are dynamic and for one to remain relevant, it is important to continuously adapt to the changes. For instance, a few years ago it would have been unthinkable that the education system would privation to promote tolerance towards homosexuals these were outcasts for whom there was little concern.However, the reality of the output focused employment present today has ensured increased tolerance to such people and so the need for a change in approach. An educator will be differentiated from any other knowledgeable person from their ability to produce all rounded graduates. Some of the important traits to be considered include cultural competence and tolerance. For example, if the task is to teach students mathematics without considerations to the other aspects then that can even be done by anybody with the basic knowledge needed to teach the particular subject.The professional educator must be easy to differentiate from other people possessing the same level of knowledge, and one of the hallmarks of this is the abil ity to produce culturally competent students among other things. Conclusion From the study, cultural competence has proven to be a very important subject area for ones development. Most people spend over two decades in school, meaning that they will acquire some of their lifelong traits there. Global occupational mobility is on the rise and one of the key ingredients to it is cultural competence.People with less of it will have a very hard time adapting to the different work environments that will be made available by the increased mobility. Ones work output is not a function of skills competence only it must also include the persons ability to work with people, which means adopting the narrow minded definition of education will produce half baked students. References Ahlawat, S. , & Ahlawat, S. (2006, ). Competing in the Global Knowledge Economy Implications for Business Education.. ledger of American Academy of Business, 8(1), 101-105.Arizaga, M. B. , Waldo, M. , & Castellanos, L. (2005). Multicultural Sensitivity and interpersonal Skills Training for Preservice Teachers. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44(2), 198-202. Berrell, M. , & Gloet, M. (1999). Reflections on the cultural dimensions of educational administration. EAF Journal, 13(2), 10. Coll, J. , & Zalaquet, C. (2007). The Relationship of Worldviewsof Advisors and Students and satisfaction with advising A Case of Homogenous. Journal of College Student Retention, 9(3), 273-281.Gay, G. (2009). Similar Concerns, dissimilar Perspectives of Social Studies and Multicultural Education. Social Studies Review, 48(1), 25-27. Liang, C. , & Alimo, C. (2005). The Impact of White Heterosexual Students Interactions on Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People A Longitudinal Study. Journal of College Student Development, 46(3), 237-250. Pope, R. , & Mueller, J. (2005). ability and Curriculum Examing Multicultural Competence and Inclusion. Journal of College Student Developme nt, 46(6), 679-688.Pope, R. , Mueller, J. , & Reynolds, A. (2009). Looking Back and Moving Forward Future Directions for Diversity Research in Student Affairs. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 640-659 Salazar, C. (2005). Outsiders in a White, Middle-Class System Counselor Educators of Color on Academe. Jounral of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44(2), 240-252. Thomas, D. (2006). Domain and Development of Cultural Intelligence The splendor of Mindfulness. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 78-99.

Australian Literary Identity

Topic 2 Discuss the trends in which issues relating to literary works and national individuality operator in Australia are examined in Australian theme. amid the 1880s and 1890s, Australia became socially inclined to define its nations voice. To satisfy a distinctive sense of identity and credibility across the globe. This desire for independence in Australia, both socially and politically, was a broad aspect of a greater movement towards the nations identity. Encouraged and instrumented by estimable Australian belles-lettres, the move to define a cultural independence in Australia, also inducted a change and product of literary nationalism.Literary nationalism became a dominant ascribe to characterising Australia and setting it apart from Britain. Setting, characters, prow and style were prioritised coherently with the identity of the country. Literature placed a great essence upon agrarian Australia and the the bush, which promoted visions of Australian characters that bas ed qualities among mate ship and egalitarianism. The writing style was essentially comprehensible with Australian vernacular, with a daunting sense of humour and irony. Literature in the 20th century also saw a change in Australian perception.After 1914, changes in perception and national identity developed across the country once again. The 1940s and the 1970s, saw a greater expansion in growth, change and the revelation of the Australian short story. International influence took greater hold of writers and a sense of sophistication encompassed the essence of nationalism, identity and literature. However, it is the essence of writing in these earlier times, that prove the importance that Australias identity posed upon society and the esteem it captivated to presence Australian literature again in the 20th century.With the initiation of Australias will to be identified, writers emerged as a new generation. Dedicated to writing distinctively, as a way to suit and support the Australi an strive to independence. Writers such as Henry Lawson, A. B. Paterson, Miles Franklin and Barbara Baynton wrote only with the concern and consideration for truly Australian literary tradition and distinctiveness. In order for Australia to be uniquely identified as its hold country, different from anything in Britain, the bush quickly become a focal point, and often its own character, in these writers work.This was a discovery ideal, where Australian literary nationalists depicted their view of Australia and promoted a true identity for the nation, for the first time. Pastoral landscape became an intense memorial of the make of the nation and contrasted favorably with views of city action. In 1889, Paterson wrote Clancy of the Overflow, which was featured in The Bulletin (Australian Authors, 2002). The poem illustrated a firm sense of what Australians were aiming to be identified as, hardy, financial backing in the outback, which strongly and clearly opposed city living. As the stocks are slowly stringing, Clancy rides behind them singing, For the drovers life has pleasures that the townsfolk never get along (A. B Paterson, 2002) and I am sitting in my dingy little office, where a stingy, Ray of sunlight struggles feebly down between the houses tall (A. B Paterson, 2002) these extracts of Clancy on the Overflow show that Paterson was a strong interpreter for the Australian ideal. The bushman became an ideal distinction of the average Australian character, which was clearly an encouragement by Paterson and Lawson.In 1958, historian Russell Ward essentially denied the ideal and deemed the typical bushman a nations myth, by which farmers in Australia were in fact a minority. Alas, it became a true figure of Australias identity, with the strong presence it had in Australian literature. While bush life remained the main theme in most of literature at the time, often writers possess differing opinions. Characteristics in which bush life was represented, would present itself in writing, basely dependent on the author.Paterson portrayed a romantic visualisation of life in the outback, decry any consideration to city life as a positive attribute in society. On the contrary, Lawson was interested in the perception of bush life as tough life. While Lawson still mythologised bush life with character, he wrote mainly to management on the struggles people fought to overcome, based on their lives in rural areas. Due to these differing descriptions of Australian identity, Paterson and Lawson became rivals in The Bulletin to pose who had the greater perception of rural life.Borderland by Lawson, is a better example of the authors vision of rural life, proving to focus on the struggles and the unwelcoming danger that it placed upon city dwellers. Treacherous tracks that trap the strange, endless roads that gleam and glare, Dark and evil-looking gullies hiding secrets here and there (Lawson, 2010). Throughout the age of these rivalries, Lawson imposed on Patersons authenticity and often referred to him as a city bushman. Paterson wrote In Defence of the Bush, which in reaction Lawsons comments and in party favor of his ideals where he addressed Lawson in the first line. So youre back from up the country, Mister Lawson, where you went, And youre cursing all the business in a harsh discontent (Paterson, 2010). Asides from the writers rivalry, both Paterson and Lawson essentially aimed to develop literary nationalism in concentration of the Australian bush. They proved the importance that reinforced rural Australian identity and its central role in the mythology of Australia. Paterson and Lawson alone, emphasised the use of rural Australia as a literary identification of the nation.Deeming their participation through writing, they demonstrated an effort to secernate Australia uniquely. Issues relating to Australias will to possess a unique identity across the globe, was closely regarded through Australian literature and to Australian authors. Using the unique comparative degree relationship between both A. B. Paterson and Henry Lawson it is clear that the use of setting, character, theme and style relative to bush life and the characteristics of the bushman are operational.The dominant majority of literature examined is closely identifiable with these types of descriptions. They prove to hold great essence in the attempt to capture a unique national identity. Issues relating to literature and national identity in Australian writing are obvious and present among early Australian writing during the 1880s and the 1890s. Thus, it is clear, that literature was a key utensil in the instruction and efforts to provide Australia with its own identification and set it apart from its partnership with Britain.References 1. Patterson, A. B. (2002). Australian Authors Clancy of the Overflow. URL http//www. middlemiss. org/lit/authors/patersonab/poetry/clancy. html Retrieved 20 October 2010. 2. Lawson, H. (2010). P oem hunter Borderland. URL http//www. poemhunter. com/best-poems/henry-lawson/borderland/. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 3. Paterson, A. B. (2010). Old Poetry Defence of the Bush. URL http//oldpoetry. com/opoem/25342-A-BBanjo-Paterson-In-Defence-of-the-Bush. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 4. AUST11-100 Seminar Slides.

Cognitive Dissonance, Media Illiteracy and Public Opinion Essay

Topic The term Cognitive Dissonance, Media Illiteracy and Public Opinion on News Media is examining and discussing public opinion, media illiteracy and cognitive dissonance. The author takes you through a break down on public opinion of intelligence informationpapers and picture news program and shows wherefore a lot of the denary interrogation taken over the past several decades is in fact invalid. The main purpose of this article is to compare and line of reasoning report and television news, and investigate the reasons why one source is more credible and reliable than the other. He withal discusses the decline in the audiences of both.Context some other scholars have cited Claussen as to why he believes spate choose TV news over newspaper is because it is human nature to want a name and a face and a voice with communication (Claussen, 2006). It touches on the questions raised by other papers regarding the creditability of TV news and why people choose to watch the news as entertainment instead of reading newspapers for the facts, which also shows the differences in public opinion over the several decades in which the selective information is gathered. It follows in with fields of study such as journalism, media studies and mass communication as it breaks down how these types of communication are influential to the public. It intertwines with psychology, public sociology and cultural studies as the article examines the thought pattern and reasoning as to how people choose their preferred style of news consumption.Structure This research article is developed from the findings of quantitative research conducted by the U.S. newspaper industry, American Society of Newspaper Editors and roughly recently The Ford Foundation. The article itself has two formal headings to break down what is creation discussed and where the information was extracted 1) Studies and Surveys About Newspapers Versus Television, and 2) Reasons Why The U.S. Public Gave Televi sion News A Free Pass. The sections of this article are quite clear. It starts with the introduction, which gives an extensive summary of what is being discussed, whom this upshot is affecting and the reasons why this information was gathered. It then moves Claussens main argument under the heading Studies and Surveys About Newspapers Versus Televisions. In this section you find the recite to alimentation the authors claims close to the difference between newspapers and television news and the publics opinion on this matter.The article then moves on to the sulfur heading, Reasons Why the U.S. Public Gave Television News a Free Pass, which itself is a bold statement of the authors viewpoint. Continually referencing Newhagen and Nass article Differential Criteria for Evaluating credibleness of Newspapers and TV News (Newhagen and Nass, 1989), which shares Claussens view, this section also serves as a conclusion. This section concludes with the opinion that the reason why people choose TV news over newspapers is due to the publics illiteracy of the media. The author is able to communicate his thoughts and ideas clearly without the use of diagrams, tables or visual aids. He uses ample facts and figures to jut his argument, in a clear and well-structured article. Overall, the structure of this piece has been easy to follow, simple to read and very informative.Style This is an informative yet persuasive piece Claussen uses research to persuade the audience of his opinion on news consumption by the public. He is writing to a general audience, anyone who is interested in reading about this point bequeath find it to be an interesting piece to read. The language is simple and neutral, and is clear and easy to understand with minimal use of jargon and catchy words. The article is formal, and he does not use descriptive language or attempt to visualise the topic at hand, keeping his authority on the subject. instruction The public opinion regarding news media, t he differences between newspapers and TV news, the reasoning behind why the quantitative research on this topic is invalid and the changes made in this industry over the past several decades are all parts of the argument at hand. The author is trying to convince his audience that people will give an answer on this topic that is deemed more socially acceptable rather than the real truth as to the way they receive their news. He is also convincing the audience that newspapers have a lot more content and points of view than the simple ones broadcasted on television.The author believes lack of education on media literacy is the most important factor and that the content of the television news has become so poor that many consumers can no longer deny that newspapers are high quality news media than television news broadcasts (Claussen, 2006). The author makes few assumptions throughout the article one being that the newspaper industry and those who believe in an important, make up uniq ue, role for newspapers are concerned about the long term emerging of the industry (Claussen p212) as there is no evidence to bide the scope of these claims. enjoin The author has gathered examples of opinions by scholars and professionals in the mass communication industry, as well as gathered statistics from quantitative research performed by organisations and corporations to back up majority of his claims. The majority of the sources cited in this article are secondary sources, however I have found one boldness study from readership.org cited by Claussen. This case study looks at the type of news people want to read, and rankings of importance among types of newspaper readers, however all of the other professional research cited in this article is no longer purchasable via the web to legitimise the sources.Evaluation Claussen included information from similar articles to draw on conclusions and back up his claims on this topic, in particular, the article Differential Criteria for Evaluating Credibility of Newspapers and TV News (Newhagen and Nass, 1989) this is a peer viewed journal article which has been cited over 50 judgment of convictions. In relation to this article lottery on the conclusion that newspapers will always be at a disadvantage relative to television in surveys of public attitudes because of the separation in time and space between readers and the people who produce newspapers some would say since the article was written in 1989 this paper would benefit from more recent findings on this topic as now this may have changed due to the instant feedback they can now receive via online surveys.This has been included to support the claims that it is harder to produce newspaper news than television news, however looking at this article this would be the main conclusion you would draw from this evidence. Another example would be The Publics Use and sensing of Newspapers (Bogart, 1984). This is another journal article, which compares newspaper content and the content of television news. The way the statistics are portrayed in this article compared to the original source strengthens the argument by changing the wording to make the argument more persuasive for example only 53% said television alone was not sufficient (Claussen, 2006) compared to the original article that Claussen used to gain his evidence which stated 53 percent, say they do not get enough news from TV and want the added dilate from the newspapers on the big stories (Bogart, 1984).One major reason which has not been discussed in this article, is that majority of people in the US have a television in their home, which has free access to the local channels, therefore watching TV news is more accessible. This article has been somewhat useful in comparing the differences between newspaper and television news throughout history however not having any recent evidence or opinions has weakened the claims as there is no evidence given from the decade prior to writ ing this piece regarding the growth of media, including websites, smart phones, social media, and other communication sources.Conclusion Going through the evidence and opinions that Claussen has cited to support his claims and after analyising the article more deeply, it would be found that his argument that newspaper content is a lot stronger than television news, is not necessarily correct, considering that television news is much easier to obtain. People prefer a more personal way of viewing their news and in this day and age people want as much information as they can get in the quickest way possible making TV news most popular. With the new technologies available in these recent times would these claims made regarding where people gain their news from still be relevant to the discussion on the newspapers long term future?References Bogart, Leo 1984, The Publics Use and Perception of Newspapers The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 709 719. Retrieved January 11, 201 2 from JSTOR Database via Griffith University.Juric, Pavica 2006 Mass Media Usage during a Natural Disaster LSU College Students and Hurricane Katrina, Masters thesis, lanthanum State University, Baton Rouge.Newhagen, John & Nass, Clifford 1989, Differential Criteria for Evaluating Credibility of Newspapers and TV News, Journalism Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 277-281,284. Retrieved January 9, 2013 from ProQuest Database via Griffith University.

Operative Report

OPERATIVE bill Patient Name Benjamin Engelhart Patient ID 112592DOB 10/5Age 46Sex M witness of Admission 11/15 Date of Procedure 11/15 Admitting Physician Bernard Caster, MD Surgeon Bernard Caster, MD Assistant Jason Wagner, PAC Circulating Nurse Jimmy Dale Jet, RN Preoperative diagnosing Acute Appendicitis Postoperative Diagnosis Perforated Appendicitis Operative Procedure Laparoscopic Appendectomy Placement of right write down quadrant drain Anesthesia General Endotracheal organ pipe anaesthesia Specimen Removed One lacrotic appendix IV Fluids 1700 ml Chrystaloid Estimated Blood Loss 10 ml Urine Output 300 mlComplications no(prenominal) INDICATIONS This gentlemen is 46 years-old Caucasian male with 3 days history of abdominal pain, however over past 24 hours his pain has located to the right lower quadrant and caused a significant amount of anorexia, he presented to the emergency dept. CT scan of abdomen and levis revealed acute appendicitis, lab showed a WBC count of 13, the laparoscopic appendicectomy was explained along with the risks, benefits and possible complications. Patients voiced his desire to proceed. Patient was started on pre-op gentamicin. DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE The patient was identified x2 in the preoperative holding area. Continue) OPERATIVE REPORT Patient Name Benjamin Engelhart Patient ID 112592 Date of Procedure 11/15 Page 2 The final timeout was held with the nursing, anesthesia, and the surgical service during which the patient ID was corroborate and his surgical sight was initialed. He was given preoperative antibiotics. He was taken back to the operating room and placed in supine position. General ET anesthesia was induced. SEDs were placed on his lower extremities. His left arm was tucked at his side. A Foley catheter was placed. His abdomen was shaved, prepped with betadine solution and draped in the usual shopworn fashion.

Benefits of the University Model

In Stephen Joel Tractenberg article, Education Is Not a Luxury (p. 211-216) states his argument that our current school calendar does a disservice to twain students and teachers. Tractenberg conveys that even though this last century has seen an incredible renovation in our society, there is an rural calendar that dominates our command that was complimentary in quantifys of rural society when school was only an option part clipping for most Americans.Our educating the youth is not considered a necessity and in our society today and cartridge clip of luxury and we take this scanty (crucial) time for granted, but we maintain a calendar that reflects up to ten thousand years ago. Tractenberg also states that we leave behind never take school seriously if we operate an ancient rural calendar. I agree with the Tractenberg and his promotion of the university model calendar to replace the agrarian calendar. Replacing the agrarian calendar content a serioustime student, allow f or take school more seriously.It will define school as a job and will coach students for college. With the agrarian calendar removed from the system students can have more time to thoroughly require everything that is meant to teach to the students and have more time to speech to teachers during office hours. Stephen has a friend who disagrees with sex education One of the problems, he said, was that the schools were doing things that they should not be doing teaching sex and drugs and drivers education, as he put it.These things, he pointed out, should be the business of Maan. 2 the family Sexual education is very important to learn in school and prepares students for the adult world, and is something that is not taught by all families to the students. I had learned things in sex education that my conservative family had not taught me or ever will. Some schools may not have the time to teach this subject without compromising time for other subjects.He states that we should leng then the school year to have more time subjects that are academic and afterschool swear out for students who need it by proposing the extension of time Ive been suggesting, by lengthening the school year, say, to eleven months, and the school day from 9 to 5, or a full shift, whatever the starting and quitting times may be. This, I think, would have a number of benefits. He goes on and says that teacher are permitted more prep time and students get explore extra-curricular activities in their favor.I agree with his strategy and I believe it makes efficient use of time and students will be able learn everything thoroughly and a 9-5 schedule will make school a first priority. I believe with this new schedule students will be go against prepared for college. The type of schedule he proposes gets students ready for the endeavors of college because it is in fact a university model. He goes on by saying, What I am proposing may tactile property very much worry the university model. T hats exactly what it is. Universities, like schools, are goaded by their double missions of learning and service.But universities are also driven by the compelling need to be efficient He goes on about the cost of an idle school building and how it can be utilised after school hours and I believe its a convincing idea. He also supports his University model by saying. applying the university model to schools would help to create what university administrators like me spend a lot of time and effort doingpromoting an atmosphere of learning I agree with his conclusion and he further strengthens this by admitting that school boys and girls do not feel like school is their real occupation.This is true for many high school students, they dont see the potential in their education and dont realize how unprepared they are for college with a short schedule. I remember my first full load of college I almost flunked every course of study because I was almost spoiled with high school schedule I was still adjusted to. Introducing the university model to students not yet in university will greatly prepare them and they go into universities with confidence in their success as new student because they have become accustomed to this schedule.Tractenberg explains further reasoning as to why longer hours will be beneficial to students and teachers and goes into the expanded offerings the much needed extra time can bring. He further goes on by supporting his augment by saying, It is dismaying to me that many students come to us without any training in foreign languages, or that only a pas de deux of languages, typically Spanish and French, were offered to them they were offered no classics, no Russian, no Arabic, no Asian languages. I could say the same about other subjects, including art istory, advanced math, and so on. The result, in any case, is a deficit. This is a matter of concern and putting the extra time into expanded offerings can help learn these subject thoroughly an d not just a brief overview of the subject. In order to learn these subjects thoroughly, time outside of school will be needed with our agrarian schedules. The extra time will also allow student to ask teachers for outside help and in my college classes I found emailing my teachers to be a very utile tool and it has made me a better student.He further goes on and supports the occupation of teaching and conveys to us that creating a full time schedule will create future teachers. He promotes this idea by questioning the readers by asking, Are our teachers better at their professions because they work at other jobs during the summer oftentimes menial jobs with trivial pay and befits? Would our youngsters be better off learning from teachers who devote their full effort to teaching rather than scrabbling for a living? This means the teachers get the chance of full time job and the pay they deserve.I notice when I do very well in a class without much effort, it is because I have a pas sionate teacher who loves her/his job. Tractenberg concludes his augment by saying, education is not a luxury for subsistence farmers but a recession full of tools for a lifetime, an endless series of points of departure, and a full-time joy. With the evolution of our society changing so should our schedules. We are no longer the agrarian society we once were and Tractenberg gives an efficient university model we can use to match the present time needs of students. School is not a luxury , it is a necessity we can afford that prepares us for the future.

Is Love More Powerful Than Hate? Essay

In our brains love and abhor are right next to for each one other, but which angiotensin converting enzyme is more powerful? Hate, makes people physically aggressive, unreasonable, consequently very dangerous but in order to hate you have to love, first. You might say you hate someone without even knowing them, but how do you know you hate them? Do you have a reason to hate them? Maybe not or maybe yes. But if you do hate them then that means you once loved them and even if you hate them you still address about them and still care about their feelings. You might say I hate you to everyone but hate is a strong word and you might hurt their feelings, so you have to see before I say I hate you.Do you really mean it? Or are you proverb it just to hurt their feelings? If youre saying it to hurt their feelings its because you care about their feelings and you dont hate them, you love them. love bunghole also be dangerous because love can lead to hate. For example, when youre on a r elationship and the guy finds out youre cheating on him, if he loves you so much hell belike get very angry and ager leads to hate, or hell let it go. In depends on the person. Everyone has a different meaning for love and hate. Hate is destructive, not powerful.Love can destruct hate. But can hate destruct love? No, because love can heal the hate that you have for that person. Hate might be dangerous but its not powerful, how do you know you hate someone? In your brain, the feeling, love and hate are right next to each other so you cant tell if what you are doing is for love or because you could do something you think is for love but really is for hate or the other way around. But again if you hate someone that means you once loved them and you can heal the hate that you have for them, so in my opinion love is more powerful than hate.

Ecosystem lesson plan

Students will be introduced to two new and contrary ecosystems and tout ensemble of the elements that be found inside the ecosystems. As a category, pupils will figure of speech a Venn Diagram placing the distinguishable differences between the two ecosystems every bit good as any similarities.LESSON OBJECTIVE Students will larn how the universe contains different ecosystems that possess similar and different elements. Students will besides be exposed to how workss and animate beings rely on one another in order to by rights map. Last, pupils will detect the intense competition some animate beings and workss face in certain ecosystems. Students will larn this stuff through the use of interactive direction. First, the pupils will listen, deduce, and callback earlier, during, and after the two books atomic number 18 read. Then, pupils will join forces to make a in writing organiser in the signifier of a Venn Diagram to expose their findings. A formative appraisal will be conducte d by simple observation while the Venn Diagram is constructed. I will do mental note of lending pupils and guarantee that all pupils occupy had an chance to lend to the diagram or to the conversation.Materials Tropical Rain Forests ( admittedly Books- Ecosystems ) by Darlene R. Stille, Mountains ( True Books-Ecosystems ) by Larry Brimner, chalk tabular array or whiteboard.Concept Ecosystems, animate being and works relationshipsVocabulary ecosystem, system, community, population, home ground, nutrient concatenation, manufacturers, consumers, decomposers, nutrient concatenation, nutrient web ( FlashcardExchange, 2010 )MOTIVATION/ admittance TO THE LESSON Today s motive is reading two books. Students will hold merely completed a desert terrarium the twenty-four hours before and are go oning a hebdomad of merriment with ecosystems by listening to the teacher read two colourful and descriptive booksSTRATEGIES/ACTIVITIES/PROCEDURESMeasure 1. Students attending is gathered.Measure 2 St udents gather in a general seating country or stay quiet at their desks.Measure 3 The instructor informs the pupils that they will be listening carefully to 2 books about ecosystems. Each book contains similarities and differences and their occupation is to listen carefully or take notes in order to happen interesting facts Following, I introduce straightaway s subject comparison ecosystems and all it s dwellers.Measure 4 Uncover the first book Tropical Rain Forests. I identify all of the marking constructs so begin reading page one. I allow pupils to inquire inquiries and do notes after each page.Measure 5 Have a brief interference about the tropical rain forest ecosystem. Students make notes about what their fellow schoolmates have noticed.Measure 6 Uncover the 2nd book Mountains. Identify all of the grade constructs and get down reading page one. Students have the chance and are encouraged to inquire inquiries and do notes after each page.Measure 7 Have a brief treatment abou t the mountain ecosystem. Students make notes about what their fellow schoolmates have noticed.Measure 8 I draw a Venn Diagram on the board and label the 3 subdivisions. I ask the pupils what a Venn Diagram is.Measure 9 Students take bends rai prate their custodies and coming to the board to put specific similarities and differences sing the ecosystems into the Venn Diagram.Measure 10 Students besides observe the works and carnal relationships and note them in the diagram.Measure 11 Appraisal is taking topographic point.Measure 12 I verbally reexamine the Venn Diagram allowed for support.Closing Can you call some workss and animate beings that live in the tropical rain forest that could neer last in the mountains? Why is that so? Students exchange replies with their desk spouse, come to a consensus and a few portion their response with the category. How is competition for nutrient different between these two ecosystems? Students think and respond. Yesterday we created a desert planetarium to demo us what populating in that ecosystem would be like. Today we have experienced two new ecosystems the mountains and the tropical rain forest. Tomorrow you will all see how black the affects of an oil spill can be on certain ecosystems and it s dwellers. Keep in head all of the different ecosystems we have covered every bit good as what they have in common Alterations All pupils have chances to inquire inquiries every bit good as discuss with a spouse. This should enable pupils that have a difficult clip hold oning the constructs to pass more clip on the specific country they are confused with. These pupils can talk one on one with their spouse and will hopefully derive a better apprehension of ecosystems. Second, 3 visuals are utilized in this exercising that should make repeat throughout the activity. I should hold a general thought of which pupils will get the hang this pay off before the lesson begins. However, this peculiar lesson is an full class-interactiv e lesson. These pupils will non have alterations because it is imperative that they listen to the guided reading and take part in making the Venn Diagram.BeginningsBrimner, Larry. ( 2000 ) . Mountains ( True Books ) . nutmeg tree state Children s Press.FlashcardExchange. ( 2001-2010 ) . 4th Grade Ecosystem Vocabulary. Retrieved from hypertext rapture protocol //www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/list/260902Stille, Darlene. ( 2000 ) .Tropical Rain Forests ( True Books ) . Nutmeg state Children s Press.Webb, Dr. Tim. ( 2007 ) . Curriculum Standards- TN Department of Education. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.state.tn.us/education/ci/sci/index.shtml

Cultural Identity Interview and Analysis

An interview with a fellow member of the Mexican American residential area was conducted on December 1st, 2007. This research leave provide a synopsis of that interview particularly, it will include a description of the rules, norms, traditions, and values of Mexican American cultivation. The research will too discuss a) how the surmisals regarding cultural norms affect the interviewees behavior in his daily life b) both disadvantages related to his culture being outside the norm and how he reacts to that c) any advantages related to being assimilated to the prescriptive culture and how he reacts d) his sources of strength or support e) an analysis of the quad dimension theory and how it relates to the interviewees life.Finally, the research will provide some insight on how one can utilely progress with battalion of other cultures. In fact, communication with various members that belong to other ethnic groups (i.e. Arab Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, et c) may be trying some at times because of the cultural difference that exists between the groups. Jose Luis Aguilar was natural in Tijuana, Mexico on January 7th, 1972. Mexican is the ethnic group he belongs. He lived in Mexico for 29 years. In 2001, he emigrated in Los Angeles, California. Job opportunities, presence of family members, and the presence of a massive Mexican community were the factors that brought him to immigrate into the join States. Mexican Americans ar the largest Hispanic or Latino ethnic group in the fall in States.According to the 2000 Census, approximately 20 million Hispanic or Latinos of the 35 million in the United States are Mexican Americans (U.S. Census, 2000). Mr. Aguilars ingrained language is Spanish. However, during the past years spent in California, he was able to learn basic face, although it remains a second language as the majority of the Mexican American who live in the United States. Richard Schaefer stated as of 2002, about 23 percent of Mexican Americans are English dominant allele, 26 percent are bilingual, and 51 percent are Spanish dominant (Schaefer, 2006, p. 241). Mr. Aguilars religion is Catholic. Indeed, Mexican Americans represent the largest number of Catholic immigrants to the United States comes from Mexico Mexico also sends the largest number of Protestant immigrants to the United States (Murray, 2006).Mr. Aguilar is married. He has a 1 year-old son. Aguilars family has a patriarchal organization as the corresponding as other many Mexican American families have. According to Kathleen Niska, Mexican Americans Families continuity was characterized by mothers doing tasks deep down the house, fathers doing tasks outside the house, and both parents performing toddler and early childhood tasks (Niska, 2001). One of the Mexican traditions that Mr. Aguilar mentioned during the interview was quinceanera. This religious rite is celebrated in church when women reach the age of 15 to thank God that they arriv ed to this stage of their lives. akin to a wedding day celebration, the celebration of a girls fifteenth birthday is a major topic in most Hispanic girls lives as it means that she begins her journey to adulthood (Mattel, 2001).They are ready to admit married. The ritual of quinceanera is viewed not only as a gesture to strengthen faith and family provided also as a means to prevent teen pregnancies. A quinceanera also allows for sending a nub of sexual responsibility (NC Times, 2008). Mr. Aguilar is an independent contractor mainly for real estate management companies. He provides superior general maintenance services at $10 an hour. So far, he had limited choices regarding the jobs (e.g. janitorial, landscaping, and maintenance) he could do since he moved into United States. Lack of education and his pending status with INS (he has not received his green billhook yet, work permit only) were the obstacles that did not allow him to obtain better paid jobs.According to David S pener, Mexican immigrant workers act as an important economic role inside the United States as healthy. They constitute a significant bundle (8 percent) of the total U.S. manufacturing work force (Spener, 2000). Mexican Americans are usually have been seen by American companies as cheap labor. Mr. Aguilar shared that members of his culture had been affected by any form of racism, prejudice or discrimination. In particular, he pointed out the bilingualism issue and the tension that the proposition 227 created among his community. Proposition 227 went into effect in 1998 and call for that all public cultivate instruction had to be in English.A) How do assumptions about cultural norms tint your interviewees behavior on a day-to-day basis? Mr. Aguilar pointed out how one particular assumption regarding Mexican Americans culture affects his life on a day-to-day basis. He mentioned that one of his cousins was a crime syndicate member he was killed months ago. A popular assumption i s that Mexican American gang membership is generational which means the membership from a father to a son or from a family member to other one. Therefore, based on this assumption, people believe that he is a gang member. So, Mr. Aguilars behavior is immediately to prevent anything that may mislead people in this sense, e.g. wearing red or blue, or particular clothing, or having tattoos.B) Does your interviewee recognize any challenges or disadvantages related to her/his culture being outside the norm? How does he/she respond to those challenges? Similar to several other fellow Mexican Americans, Mr. Aguilar is able to communicate in his native language without learning English properly. In fact, Spanish language is commonly spoken in the urban center of Los Angeles. Almost every place (grocery stores, restaurants, public offices, and so forth) has signs and directions in Spanish language. This massive promotion of Mr. Aguilars native language in the United States encouraged by Mass Media represents a disadvantage.Radio and television set have also been factors that allowed Mexican Americans, as Mr. Aguilar, to maintain their original cultural values. In fact, in 2004, in that location were over 678 Spanish language radio stations compared to 1982, when there were 12 Spanish language television stations in the United States. This number more than doubled within 10 years. Several artists (e.g. Jennifer Lopez or Shakira) overhauled to promote their cultures by singing in their traditional languages (Jandt, 2007). Mr. Aguilar has responded to this challenge by enrolling himself in an adult school in order to improve his English. However, as of today, he is still struggling to write, read and speak English fluently.C) Does your interviewee recognize any privileges or advantages associated with assimilating to the normative culture? How does he/she react to that recognition? Mr. Aguilar recognized that being assimilated to the normative culture has some adv antages. In particular, he stated that a positive sentiment is that immigrants learn the language of the normative culture they are able to avoid any form of closing off and segregation. Furthermore, these immigrants likely will not face any prejudice from the dominant society as he experienced during his stay in the United States.During the interview Mr. Aguilar recalled a few family acquaintances with 3rd generation sons and daughters who had an variant in the American culture different compared to their parents. In fact, they were able to go to school, learn the language, get a college education, and obtain a good job. They became a part of the American culture. In fact, they celebrate the 4th of July and the Thanksgiving, which are truly American holidays. They also had to learn about professional sports other than Mexican soccer. He instantaneously is also watching baseball, basketball, and American football games.D) What does that person cite as being sources of strength or support? Mr. Aguilar cited church and family as his sources of strength or support. As many others fellow Mexicans Americans, Mr. Aguilar gives exceptional vastness to religion and family on a day-to-day basis he is very active in his community especially with humanitarian initiative promoted by his catholic church. Mr. Aguilar is very family orientated. He tries to spend as very much time as possible with his family it may be common to see him doing business with his families around.E) An analysis of the four dimension theory and how it relates to the interviewees life A theory from the course that was well related to Mr. Aguilars interview is the four dimensions of culture by Geert Hofstede. Particularly, Aguilars interview confirmed that in the Mexican culture masculinity is predominant, mostly due its history. Mexican families were mainly patriarchal therefore men were in dissipate of the family they were working to provide money and food while women were at home taking care of the children. Mexican culture is based more on collectivism due mainly to the fact that more people with financial difficulties seek to one another for help or gather together (e.g. two or three families living in the same apartment). Power distance is embodied in the Mexican culture. Mexico is a developing country with significant financial problems. The difference between people (e.g. poor and rich people) is well marked. Finally, the fourth dimension, uncertainty avoidance, is correlated to religion and history of the cultures (Jandt, 2007). Roman Catholic Christian cultures and cultures with Romance languages (e.g. Mexico) tip to score high. In conclusion, communication with various members that belong to other ethnic groups may be difficult at times because of the cultural difference that exists between the groups.However, inclusive language can be an effective way to communicate with such members. Mr. Aguilar and the interviewer are from different culture backgrounds. The re were times during the interview where inclusive language was used to avoid miscommunication. Choosing the right words when communicating with members who have different backgrounds may help to prevent miscommunication that may end up stereotyping them on the basis of race, gender, disability, religion, or other factors. Furthermore, conducting research and accumulation information on members with different backgrounds may help not only to overcome language issues but also can assist people in becoming more culturally sensitive.Referenceshttp//nsq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/ uprise/14/4/322http//www.nctimes.com/articles/2008/01/05/faith/17_56_271_3_08.txt

Effective Advertising Essay

publicise is considerably adept of the vital strategies needed for a produce or service to be k nowadaysn within a certain community. The scope of advertising has been highly controversial in the aspect of commercialiseing nevertheless a towering issue in the political aspect as sought in elections and other(a) forms of the like. deductive originatoring on trenchant advertising has been defined in accordance to the different models and theories presented in the literary aspect, which, of running has been collaborated with the context of practice.In the field of economic science, it has been stressed that advertising consistently plays a vital role in shaping a proficient and efficient familiarity beneficial on the glory it behaves. As soon as printed symbols were invented the advertising man made rehearse of them to give publicity to his merchandise (Sokotch, 2006). In clean dates, advertisements atomic number 18 embossed on w boths and tombs, in black and white o n parchment and other melodic theme entities, and be produced in publishing houses. Though these diverse forms of advertising were engaged, diminutive atomic number 18 considered and regard are non as effective as expected.Posters, painted signs, street-car placards, booklets, calendars, almanacs, handbills, magazine and newspaper advertising have now become forms of advertising so well established that we look upon them as a necessity, and are overwhelmed to nonice out that majority are up to date novelty (Tellis, 2003). However, it runs in the stream of cognitive, affective and behavioral pitches before one may thoroughly province that ones mean of advertising is effective. vital analysis on advertising in the contemporaneous society The verity of advertising in present of occurrence is foc employ in one set of audience alone.Take for example, for advertising in the market arena, the audience are the consumers in the political arena, politicians advertise their platf orms and propagandas in the light of the voters while for research and other educational gains, it is in the hands of their respondents that they are able to complete their studywithout these audience it would be laborious to comprehend why advertisers are so eager to let their advertisement out in the exonerated with the milieu of persuasion and of encouragement over what they wish to imply (Michelet, 2006).Textbooks and other published materials would often break away to the wakeless concept of Ivan Pavlovs conditioning experiment or that which has been used by Anne Sullivan, remarkably, the notion is uniform with the idea on advertising. The consumers represent Helen Keller and the advertiser is the t from each oneer in the person of Anne Sullivanmotivation and persuasion, per se.Marxs opening of commodity fetishismThere have been several deliberations on how advertising shall be crucially interpreted into land of analysis. Apparently, critics has often addressed that medi a analysis collaborated with the arena of political, economical and socio-cultural context must not serve as grounds in identifying the ability of advertising and mass communications in empowering a contemporary capitalist society.Further, Marxs theory of commodity fetishism connotes the perceptionwhich by hand is used by fashion advertisersthat ratement of an effective advertisement transcends on the utilization of a model or person, a harvest-festival, a setting and text so it has also been cited that these forms of advertising is magnificently effective and never fails to capture the consumer-public (Karlsson, 2007).Conceivably, the Marxian theory all boils down to the fact that capitalism is legitimate since that it endows with the public with what they want and step refreshing fulfills their present needs, use, values and other sort of the likecorresponding to the ethics on exchange value, use value, surplus value, commodity fetishism and fickle-feeding. Strongs AIDA Mode l The AIDA model is a behavioral uprise which contains a purpose to uplift the verity of making an advertisement awareness-able, interest stimulating, and desire action-triggering dynamic in consumers.It is also considered as one of the most persuasive and highly efficient methods in advertising hence suggesting that for a certain advertisement to be effective, it has to be something that captivates attention leading to convincing the consumers that the carrefour or service or whatever is publicise as interesting. Further, it must also have the ability to confuse the consumers crave for the product in the sense that they shall desire on it and finally for them to get attached with it and hopefully get a feedback that the advertising is effective.In a larger view with this model, it is important that the information be sent to the consumers is believable and memorable that flush in the busy schedule of the consumers, or in the trillion of ideas exploited by the mind each day, ones advertisement is sought (Karlsson, 2007). Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results Theory This model presented by Russell Colley is popularly known as DAGMAR, of course, for the benefit of the masses, and a technique in memory building as well.Consequently, this communication strategy is known for its ability to ventilate information without the utilization of excessive text or message. Its focal point falls on the direct of grounds stating what the consumer must believe on an organization and at the same time to measure the strength of an advertising campaign (Bok, 2002). Further, it expresses the fact that there are four levels of understanding in advertisement and that the methods used in all commercial communications must come across that very objective.Hunching the four levels of understanding advertising the following are presented by the proponent awareness of the existence of the organization advertising the brand, reach on what the product is o r is capable of, a rational suspicion or sagacity of trust in buying the product and like the aforementioned methods, persuasion to act in availing the product advertised and have it stuck on their list (Karlsson, 2007). Lavidge and Steiners Heirarchyof- effectuate modelPublished in the same time-frame as that of DAGMAR, this model raises the connotation that consumers possess a non-fickle personality hence consumers are s keptical in be convincenot interested at all stake would be the fitting definition. Unlike the other theories, which stresses that all factors be cited in equal proportion, this model follows a liner path and insists that these factors are to be taken in a step-by-step basis (Karlsson, 2007). Awareness, knowledge, fondness, preference, conviction and purchasethe mentioned steps shape up this models apprehension.Moreover, the strident point of this model expresses that consumers are wise enough not to be easily convinced, not unless they are holistically prov ided with the necessary details that they need inline with the kind of social standing that they have. French postmodernist theory of blue jean Baudrillard Theory of sign value Jean Baudrillard on the other hand, believed on the prowess of signs and symbols constituted by objects for that matter. Having a consumer society, the proponents theory dwells on the idea of implosion of aesthetics manifesting that advertising lies on aesthetic techniques and the promotion of consumption as a way of life.Baudrillards sign value analysis assess the consumers grave need for tasteing various products and the actual gratifications that these products derive onto as well as with the social function that it convolutions. Lurking deep on the social perspective the proponent stresses that signs of sociality are great basis in building up the right method to advertise and capture their pockets to hail such (Harms and Kellner, 1990). commentary Critical analysis on the models presented would wrap up the idea that advertising is a broad state of field.Perceivably, there are models which are similar in conceptconsumers are after products, only that they seek for the besthowever, there also appears the skeptical viewpoints that insists the un-fickleness of consumers and there is nothing advertisers can do but to check for them to visit ones shop count onent on their innate characteristic. In the light, due to the complexness of the marketing landscape and the advent of globalization, these theories may be evaluated as up-to-date or no extensive-dated effective a way or another.But then the perception on introductorys and fundamental perspectives will always contradict with that nuance. The behavior of the consumers has already transformed through time, with this, it may be taken to assumption that the pessimistic side of the story may be eradicated in pleas. The much open the society, the easier advertising influences themthe higher the chance to be marked as effective. Consumer vs. contrast in effective advertisingIn relation to business and consumers as two major factors in marketing, the predicament of the matter is clearly seen in the areas of communication efficiency, product quality and audience analysis. Take for example, the target groups must be taken considerationkids, teens, adults, couplesall these must be known before a product shall be advertised. Aside from that, socialization is also a factor, what to be advertised must be taken into deliberation first considering the fact that the context of the advertisement may not be acceptable in the kind of culture where the product is introduced.In the case of technological product advertising, the following threats may be assessed as categorized, opportunities and threats, which is basically a portrayal of external change is the scale fall on the line of five forces of threat, namely, (1) threat of new entrants (rising companies of the same service rendered as well as with other rising br oadcasting companies which will offer greater service than theirs), (2) competitive rivalry (competition in sales, in fame and in the service satisfaction), (3) threat of electrical switch (other broadcasting/media corporations such as films, 3D theater, home-video conferencing, piracy and other sorts of the like), (4) power of buyers (upon knowing the fact that the society always change their taste primarily in the streamline of the kinds of shows which is famous in the immediate time and the advent of technological advancements such as 3D and other competition in broadcasting) and (5) power of suppliers (the fact that such is competition, resources is most likely to halt leading to scarcity from manufacturers of entities and commodities needed for broadcasting).All which serve as the grounds for the success or the failure of the company or the industry and if fortunate, then it will be easier to get the general objective (Mooij, 2005). Advertising in the commerce landscapeProgres s in the assailable matter is made in the abstract one scholar shows a compelling talent for innovation, and others touch on and improve on his work, all without close reference to the economic context. In the last one ampere-second years the great corporate enterprise, the trade union, depression and war, increasing and increasingly dispersed affluence, the changing nature of money and the new and enhanced role of the central bank, the declining role of agriculture with the counterpart urbanization and egress of urban poverty, the rise of the welfare state, the newly assumed responsibility of the government for overall economic performance, the ontogeny of socialist states, have all dramatically altered, even revolutionized, economic life.As the quash matter of economics has changed, so necessarily has the subject. Advertising comes in a handy realization that the more complex the saving gets, the larger the need for business tycoons to broaden their understanding with the flow of the society in patronizing their basic needs. The competition floating in the commercial room also serves as a challenge that each advertisement of their product must be sent with critical analysis and with a pinch of encrustation capable enough to outstand the other entities which steams up the battle. The scope of marketing must not only fall under the circumstance of financial basis itself, but preferably on the deeper application premises of the activity.An simile of such would surface in a companys ability to perform social responsibilities and being able to consistently adjust on the intrinsic and extrinsic demands of the society, as well as with property track on the challenges laid on the inevitable table of change (Michelet, 2006). It must be kept in mind that advertising is the only gateway to get their products path to the consumers. With the competition rising, consumers are wise enough to know what they want and which is best. Assessment on the components of effective advertising in McDonalds An example of effective advertising is practiced by McDonalds the power of commercial speech is exercised. Even when backed by the resources and profile of a McDonalds Corporation, the power of commercial speech campaigns is limited.Neither particular advertisements nor broader advertising campaigns are always effective, even when they have been well researched and well financed the majority of prospective new brands that are test marketed are not marketed nationally. The battle of the marketplace has many casualties. Even when advertising affects behavior, the effect may be temporary (Michelet, 2006). And when the effects are more enduring, they may amount only to switches among rival brands by established users, rather than new consumers for any of the rival brands. Some advertisingconsider the various recent plans and pricing claims of the leading long distance telephone carriersis widely disliked. As a result, many ads are simply drowned out, unnoticed or unremembered in the ongoing daily proliferation of commercial speech.This does not mean, however, that commercial speech, or commercial advertising more narrowly, does not have important long-term effects, intended or unintended, on American culture and finis making. Commercial advertising is in some sense a zero sum game, with one products gain being anothers loss. The proliferation of ads, however, does not lead simply to a process of mutual conflict, let alone mutual annihilation (Harms and Kellner, 1990). Conclusions and further remarks Moreover, given the fact that the main subject and prospects for the purpose of venturing into business are the masses, it most likely true that customer satisfaction is a sanctimonious must.In simple logic, selling does not only denote giving consumers the idea that a product/service offered on the market/industry, but rather dwelling on the array of perception that consumers are after fame of the company as well as the trend whi ch is beingly floating up in the limelight and the generation status per se more like, in-line-with-amazing-quality (Easey, 2001). The above mentioned threats then takes place, the world of business is a vortex of intrinsic and extrinsic challenges which requires critical analysis on what consumers need and logical wit to set the flexibility of the product and service. That is the main purpose of the survey and other forms of observation in the society are needed to achieve managerial goals and jive along with the change of taste and speculations of the masses (Mooij, 2005).What utterly demoralizes business tycoons and practitioners hangs back on the exactness of the cost and the revenue generated by investments which are indefinite to be defined, for the reason that the scheme and the flow of the advertising differ dependently upon the season or under the discretion of the contemporary society. It would seem quite hard to distinguish which of the sites are assumed to be the most significant or rather the one which is offering the best service for the majority (Beckwith, 2003). Since that, those who are apt to surf actually depend on what they wish to find. In addition to that, each layer of the society hold different jobs or activity with diverse enthusiasm, it is evident that it is possible to shift sites which then give the argument abstain on conviction with regard to the matter (Seelye, 2005).The aforementioned threats must not serve as intimidating factors in the world of business, hence a challenge towards the attainment of organizational goals through the use of effective advertising. In conclusion, effective advertising depends on for demonstration of the method, traditional or modern as long as the advertiser knows the perfect mixture of the factors needed in advertising, what is sold on the market will be a sure hit. In collaboration with the political or academic concept, a politician does not get votes not unless he or she knows what words are to be uttered in particular(prenominal) groups and what technique of persuasion is to be utilized in that certain point of time. Effective advertising does not only require skill, timing is a vital one.

Environmental Case Analysis Essay

The human face tells to the highest degree the current crisis in the cutting England angleeries, which recorded the devastation in the ocean ecosystem due to over leaning in that part of the globe. The disco real of the George Bank or St. Georges Shoal in the northern pole surrounded by the Newfoundland and Labrador in 1821 paved the opportunity for the fishing industry by the Gloucesters fleet since then (p. 42) until groups of fishermen used the area in 1950 from different countries such as the Russians, Germans, Poles, and Spanish (p.44). It is said that the raw vessels using modern facilities in fishing used by the latter fishermen had triggered the extinction of the many an(prenominal) kinds of fishes in the sea. Today, it is documented that naughty stock of living organisms that includes the ocean pabulum web have decreased in a very alarming level. The twentieth century fishing left the marine resources at stake with a newspaper of sixteen percent decrease per yea r, with a total loss of about ninety percent of predatory fishes (p. 37).The George Bank, which was previously overpopulated with living organisms, had malignd considerably enough to call the attention of the authorities as well up as the stakeholders to act upon the tragic loss. It is recorded that the Gloucesters fleet and smaller craft in 1859 had brought in 60,000 barrels of mackerel, 11,400,000 pounds of codfish, and 4,590,000 pounds of halibut, and few one million million of different species (p. 42). Since 1970s, the dec occupation began spontaneously with record of about 4. 4 million tons of fish in 1973 to 2.6 millions of tons in 1992 is an indication that ecosystem in the bank is acquiring impoverished. Variety of fishes may face extinction which range from predators or species of higher tropic level such as tuna and halibut to species of lower tropic level such plankton-eaters such as anchovies and cod. The lather is, since the main predators as well as the codfish and haddock are facing annihilation, the dogfish and glide may dominate George Bank, and that will cause ecological shift (p. 46).Because of this, the market has changed its demand for dogfish and glide (ibid). Thus, many concerned individual and groups take into account the crisis and proposed recommendation to revive the sea. For instance, the East Coast Fisheries league executive director James OMalley suggested the 50% effort reduction to replenish the stock of fish in the bank (p. 48). This job concerns the many stakeholders particularly the people who are dependent on fish for fare such as in the case of people of Europe and America.Likewise, if the fifty reduction or other proposals such as the buyout scheme or fish farming may also legal injury the fishermen for their bread and butter is fishing. This will also harm the fishing industry. There will be incessant battle between the opposing pursuals of government and business groups, which includes global fisheries, fo r both attend to their own interests. No matter what, if the problem will not be settled, strap scenario may come about damage in the ocean ecosystem and extinction of fishes which is vital to human survival.Relationship to Science and Ethics The sustainability of the marine viands web lies greatly on reducing fishing capacity until such time that oceans reach inhibit level. In connection, when fishing activity is reduced, the serial depletions or erupt of species will gradually reduce and frankincense improves the condition in the ecosystem. This will provide sufficiency for all the people who need sea foods for survival. In this endeavor, people are to work hard hand in hand to increase the sustainability of oceans in providing food that people need.Without reducing in fishing will affect the ecosystems of the fishes and other living organisms in the wet because those involve in the marine food web are important and interconnected in the chain. For instance, the predators th ough serve a negative impact on their stone pit yet, provide help in the economy of the prey in such a way that they also consume other predators and competitors so the prey will abound and will become available for humans (Pauly, Christensen, Guenette, Pitcher, Sumaila, Watson, & Zeller). Thus, their extinction may lead to worst condition to prey.In addition, according to Pauly, et. al. , there will be reduction in the number and length of pathways linking food fishes to the primary producers that results to fluctuations in the population of the prey. Thus, the issue of overexploitation done by people to the marine conduct is a threat to human consumption that without appropriate and immediate accomplishment, people will greatly suffer. The ethics that must be seen in this case is the interest that governs every action. Whose interest should prevail the interest of majority or the interest of few for money?Either of the interest will determine the action that will be made. Wh at persuades us the value of preserving the New England fisheries? The above alarming scenario in the marine life is enough to consider steps towards reducing fishing around the area. Stakeholders must cooperate with each other towards the economy of the remaining life in the ocean for the benefit of many more people. Above many reasons, the preservation of marine life through fishing reduction will ensure the future of the food supply.Definitely, if fishing continues, none will be left for humans for there will be no chance for these species to survive. The demand for immediate action is great that international cooperation is deemed important. The process may take some(prenominal) years before full the recovery, yet the impact is lasting for mens survival. Preservation of New England Aquatic ecosystem is another reason for this. Even politicians and government leaders and even ordinary fishermen have taken for granted the ill effect of overfishing because they all thought that ocean will yield what we need (Pauly, et. al). state never realize that as human population increases, the water resources decrease to supply the demand for food. Thus, the preservation of ecosystem could sustain the healthy economy of the country because biological resources are sufficient to supply ecological needs. How does it continue that it is in no ones interest to observe the fisheries but it is everyones interest to preserve the fishery? At this point in time, though there are studies conducted on the serious problem with aquatic life, people often neglect their responsibility because they have a negative attitude about the problem.The fishermen understand the problem but they resist doing positive action, rather, they are against limits, against collectivization and consolidation, against being regulated, reformed, and brought in line with the common good for the long run (p. 52). This particular problem will lead to total collapse of the ocean ecosystem that affects ev ery individual. Well, preservation of fishery is everyones business. This must be understood by every stakeholder especially the fishermen.The efforts by the civic groups and the government must also direct to these individual by reeducating them of the unbowed intention of the action.ReferencePauly, D. , Christensen, V. , Guenette, S. , Pitcher, T. , Sumaila, R. , Watson, W. , & Zeller, D. (2002). Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature International Weekly Journal of Science, 418 (689-695). http//www. nature. com/nature/ daybook/v418/n6898/full/nature01017. html Skunked. Crisis in the New England Fisheries (file attachment)

Family structures and roles Essay

We use the word use today meaning a function or part played in life. As a member of a family or a work situation the r push throughines we affirm in life account on the situation we are in at the time. I myself am a wife, a render, a daughter, a care assistant, a student and a friend. As you mickle see I have galore(postnominal) different roles in my everyday living. The main role in my life will be the role within my family unit. This project will look at the roles of members in a family unit and how this has changed everyplace the last 25-50 years.Nuclear familyThe roles within the nuclear family used to be the father being the main provider and working long hours to support his family and the mother looked after(prenominal) the children and the home. Because hands were the ones with the money they took charge inside the family. This was considered the norm but over time changes came about when the wife began to reject the housewife role and demanded a gr use up say i n decision making in the home. They wanted to be considered touch to their preserves. Women began insisting men carried out tasks around the home. This lead to husbands spending leisure time with family instead of spending time with his antheral companions down the pub after work, it resulted in close emotional bonds with his wife and children, he began to help with habitation tasks and childcare.With the introduction of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s women were able to limit the recite of children they had and gave them the freedom to experience salaried employment. A marriage at once became a partnership with the husband and wife in a flash share the routine of everyday life. Attitudes changed in nightclub, it was now considered normal for husbands and wives to both work and share household tasks and childcare.In todays society it is non unusual for the wife to be the main provider and the husband stay at home to keep house and look after the children. The term hou sehusband is now nearly known.There are three different rolesJoint roles where couples work together in the house or garden.Complementary roles where couples helped one another such as one may paint the other may paper.Segregated roles where couples have separate jobs to do, e.g. the wife does the ironing the husband mows the lawn.Extended familyThe role of members in the across-the-board family did not vary greatly from those of the nuclear family. The daughter settled in close proximity to her mother and they saw each other on a daily basis. This gave the grandmother the opportunity of a support role in the upbringing and education of the child(ren). They were also if able to give fiscal support. The extended family members commonly took on the role of caring for an elderly raise.A person is now expected to live well(p) into their 70th or 80th year, this means there has been a huge growth in the number of three-generation families.Nursing homes and residential homes are now on the increase in todays society and the role of looking after a parent in their old age within the family unit has now decreased.The roles within the extended family have varied greatly due to women and men now having equal opportunities and both going out to work. The care of the child while the parents work is much often than not taken on by a family member e.g. grandparent aunt or uncle. Whilst the local extended family takes on the role of childcare it is both the parents responsibility to take on the role of providing for their family.Reconstituted familyReconstituted families became more(prenominal) popular after the divorce reform act of 1971 was introduced making it easier to obtain divorce.The roles within the reconstituted families can be very rugged due to stepparents taking on their new role and children rebelling against the discipline given out by a stepparent.In reconstituted families both the man and the woman take on the role of the living expenses and food cos t of the home. Joint financing of the stepchildrens expenses is less common, it is much more common for the mother to receive financial help from the stepfather in order for her childrens expenses.Both parents along with household tasks usually take on the role of childcare and educator. Members of the extended reconstituted family also take on the childcare role when both parents work. i parent familyThe role of the single parent can be a difficult one, as they have to take on the role of mother, father, carer, provider and educator. This itself can become a huge task peculiarly if there is no immediate family around to offer supportSingle parents have become more popular in todays society for a variety of reasons.There are more women than men who take on the role of the single parent but it is probably a harder role for a man to cope with. A mans role in life is seen to be masculine they draw themselves by their work role. Single fatherhood requires men to look at their prioriti es around work and family and so their role in life now becomes the sole provider for his child(ren).Partnership arrangementsThere are many another(prenominal) types of families in todays society including gay and lesbian couples. The publics opinion of these couples has changed staggeringly over the last few years.The role of carer and educator within this type of family usually falls on both individuals. Benefit such as income support or working families tax credit is paid to the natural parent of the child and does not include the other persons income, as the law does not bonk them as a couple, therefore the main provider will probably be the natural parent but not in all cases.Cultural influencesThere are many people from many cultures settled in Britain today. Being of a different cultural background has resulted in prejudice. Prejudice calm down exists today, and although there is discrimination out there, it is against the law and much harder to prove. Because of so many c ultures in our lives we have seen many changes in society, namely the opening of shops, supermarkets, take-a appearance food shops and restaurants. Many years ago it was unusual for families to eat outside their home or the home of a family member, today take-away food and eating out is a part of every day life. We now have new tastes ranging from Chinese to Indian and Italian to Mexican.Why roles have changedMany changes have taken place over the years especially the roles within family life. The introduction of the pill made it easier for women to take control of their bodies resulting in fewer children being born. The influences that have changed the way we think the way we see the family and the roles we play are due to the media, television newspapers and magazines.Legislation has given us equal pay, equal opportunities for all and equal rights regardless of our class gender or culture.Women can now own or rent their own home and are considered equal owners in the case of divor ce.Women can now take out loans or credit agreements without their husband or fathers consent.Health care has alter considerably over the years and screenings for womens problems has been forced into action.Overall life has become better for women today. They now have the same rights as men and are considered an important part of our society today.