William Tweed

Did William M. gabardine Corrupt Post- gracious fight saucily York?         Many multitude have there views on post civic war New York, near like Alexander B. childish younger, express it was corrupt and run by William gabardine and the Tammany H whole gang. except other like king of beasts Hershkowitz have there feature views on what it was like in New York after the Civil War, he cerebrates that every the bad and corrupt stuff was darned on gaberdine and his work force because they were scapegoats. Many people think that this result of graft and stealing, in the post Civil War city of New York was the consequence of what they called Machine Politics. This shape politics is characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical government activity, hit down to neighborhood and block organizers that enables the machine to respond to the problems of single(prenominal) neighborhoods, or counterbalance families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls. The boundary refers to their ability to elect candidates or enact measures with mechanized efficiency and predictability. The ultimate goal of one of these political machines is to think in power, rather than to do what is best for the people.

        Alexander B. fledgeless Jr. argues that by exercising corrupting influences over the city and state government, as well as over primeval elements within the subscriber line community, that ovalbumin and his infamous remember extracted awful sums of property from New York and used it for their own benefits and gains. inexperient Jr. claims that Tammany hall gang lead by tweed was the biggest casing of post-Civil War putrefaction in the United States, he says that gabardine had people working for him in just ab come out of the closet any department in New York, that what ever he treasured he got. The city, the state, and the business community were the three vital sources controlled by duster. Callow Jr. says that Tweeds reputation, as a corrupt attraction of the isthmus was well deserved. Callow Jr. definition of a cry is that it encircles enough influential men in the organization of each companionship to control the action of both party machines; men who in public push to extremes the abstract ideas of their respective parties, while they secretly join their hands in schemes for ad hominem power and profit (pg.96). The three sources Tweed controlled mentioned earlier, city, state and business community, were his main means of extracting property. The way he controlled the city was he had control of the key legislative and financial agencies like the Supervisors, Alderman, Comptroller, and Mayor. This gave the gloriole command over New Yorks financial machinery and muddle of opportunities for graft. Control over these thing meant that there was always psyche somewhere to share things up, if there was a mistake made. The bounce operated in a remarkably open and straightforward vogue says Callow Jr. (pg.98). This was because they had people everywhere that were involved. The money that the coterie steal from the city was divided up through out the ranks the higher you were in the ranks a bigger pre cent of the money you would stick around. The aureole had dim-witted and easy plans when it came to stealing the money, they would do simple things like over charge, charge for jobs never completed and sully less quality products. According to Callow Jr. the way that Tweed created this ring of people and steal all this money from the city, was a simple and easy plan, except little could be done about it because there was people everywhere to cover up and protect the leaders. They did this all for the money, and as long as the money was there they would do whatever they were told to do by the leaders. This is what made Tweed a criminal who corrupted all of New York according to Callow Jr.

        The way that Leo Hershkowitz try outs it is that stomp Tweed was all a Myth that was made up. fairish because he had the physical features of a whirled man, the whole grime was pinned on him and his men. Hershkowitz isnt saying that Tweed wasnt solely innocence only it wasnt all him leading the ring. He say through fraud, deceit and intimidation, he was elective to various city and state offices, and even a term in congress (Pg.106). He met people whom he placed in strategic places as members of The Ring to pillage the city treasury, conquer the state and finally the nation. Simply by apply device of padded or fictitious bills for items not delivered or not needed, millions were stolen. Hershkowitz says that it would be impossible for one man or even a group of men to plan such a vast swindle involving hundreds if not thousands of officials, clerks, laborers, contractors, and hope to succeed. If Tweed plotted such an operation, which supposedly involved bribing the state legislature, coercing judges, muzzling the press, aborting the blabber of bank officers and city auditors, he must have been a genius or Houdini like (Pg.108). Hershkowitz goes on about how he thinks at no time did a ring govern New York City politics, let alone the state or national scene; these supposed ring members rarely had ofttimes to do with each other. There was nothing to bind the so-called ring members, just that they served in various city posts at the same time. The image of the Tammany Tiger was plastered on Tweed and stuck with him. Hershkowitz talks about the sober things that Tweed was responsible for on pg.111, he was credited for establishing legislative programs, which opened schools, hospitals, museums, and programs to meet the call for of a rapidly expanding constituency. His identification with the interests was enough for the traditional rural-suburban leadership to seek his destruction. sensation of these people was George Nast, who was a political cartoonist who disliked the ideas of Tweed and his men. So he would publish cartoons that depicted the ring as corrupt and criminals. He and others did this because they saw Tweed as an outsider threatening their position. Tweed was never tried or found guilty of graft or theft, the crimes he stands accuse of by history, he was convicted of a misdemeanor after some improper, even illegal judicial proceedings, which Hershkowitz thinks were worse than anything Tweed supposedly committed.

        The outside article I chose about the Tweed Ring was an article on urban bosses and machine politics; it was penning by Bruce M. Stave, it told how Tweed was the man who ran New York after the Civil War. That Tweed rose through the ranks of New York City, starting as the leader of a local volunteer fire company, then(prenominal) rising to alderman, and then finally to congressman. Then after ii years of that he came back to New York and he genuine the job as commissioner of the Board of Education.



He would go on to hold many other positions with the city, which able him to steal the money. This theft affected the city debt greatly. In 1867, the debt was $30 million; by 1871 the debt rose to $90 million. This article also says that in 1869 the ring met in Albany, and decided that ½ of all the bills rendered to the city and county must be fraudulent. The money that was gained from padding the bills was to be divided into five parts. One part would go to each of the following: Tweed, Sweeny, Hall and Connolly, and the fifth part would go towards bribing smaller politicians. This let the main leaders of the ring live a rich and luxurious life, even though many suspected them of some kind of wrongdoing. at last this graft and theft would catch up to Tweed and his men and the papers would expose them and the city bank would not exhibit them any more credit. They tried to bribe the papers and media but they did not take the bribes. An attack was brought upon Tweed; the attack was to get him out of office. Although the newspapers had exposed the scandals of the ring, it was not enough to arrest Tweed on charges of theft. But he was arrested on a unlike charge of lesser extent. This sent Tweed to prison one-time(prenominal) later and disassembled the ring sending some men distribution and some staying.

        All of the articles were good in explaining their literary arguments, they all had good detail in how, and what they thought Tweed did, while he was in office. They all had significant evidence to back up their thoughts on what happened. I think that when you read about Tweed and His ring that you get the assumption that he was crooked, even in the argument by Hershkowitz, he talked about how money was stolen but that it was all for good fountain, but there is no reason that someone should be stealing, there has to be ways that he could have used the money stolen and used it for the same purpose, without having to cower it around. Also like said in one of the arguments that all the main men in the ring were rich and that you could see this by just looking at them. This had to have meant that they were getting the money from some other sources other than there mend paying jobs with the city. When you look at a picture of Tweed, Callow Jr. that he fits the typical description of a crook and a cheat, this shows that people have their thoughts and views of people. The way that Tweed is set forth and talked about by Callow Jr. shows clearly how Callow Jr. thought about Tweed. Most articles about Tweed and the Tammany Hall Gang depict them as criminals but the argument by Hershkowitz showed that there is not really any upstanding story behind all the talk, that maybe Tweed stole the money for good reasons and maybe helped out the city of New York instead of corrupting it. Even though theft isnt right Hershkowitz gives good reasons why, Tweed might have stole it and what was done with it to benefit the city of New York. The argument I thought was most convincing was the no by Leo Hershkowitz, because it is easy to say that Tweed was wrong in what he did, but it was harder for Hershkowitz to get information on how Tweed was a good man and that he was blamed for most of the corruption that went on in New York.

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